清末民初北京话的选择问句和反复问句研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 14:17

本文选题：清末民初 + 北京话　；参考：《北京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语普通话中存在“知道不知道”这一‘'AB-NEG-AB"的反复问句格式,同时也存在“知不知道”这一‘'A-NEG-AB"的反复问句格式。但是年龄略大一些的老北京人却对于“知不知道”这—"A-NEG-AB"的反复问句格式接受度比较低,虽然可以理解但自己并不会这么说。相比较而言,“知道不知”这一“AB-NEG-A"的反复问句格式在老北京人中接受度更高,更加普遍。这是由于当代北京话受到普通话的影响,与清末民初时期的北京话已有很多不同,清末民初北京话中存在的不少现象在当代北京话中已经消失,那么在清末民初时期的北京话系统中,是否存在‘'A-NEG-AB'’这种反复问句的格式呢?如果不存在,鉴于北京话是普通话的重要基础,而‘'A-NEG-AB'’这种反复问句的格式不是通过北京话进入的普通话系统,那么它究竟是何时,受到什么影响而进入现代汉语普通话的呢?现代汉语普通话受到这种影响,是否还发生了其他变化,与清末民初时期的北京官话相比还有没有其它不同之处? 本文拟选用《儿女英雄传》,《语言自迩集》,《官话指南》,《燕京妇语》,《小额[注释本]》,《春阿氏》,《北京话语音读本》,《北京风俗问答》八份清末民初不同时期的北京话材料对那一阶段的北京话疑问句系统,特别是选择问句及其中的特殊形式,反复问句系统进行统计分析,以了解当时的疑问句情况概况及选择问句,特别是反复问句的特点。然后结合老舍不同时期的三部长篇小说《老张的哲学》,《骆驼祥子》和《正红旗下》,寻找疑问句,特别是选择问句及反复问句的发展趋势和演变情况。关注点包括选择问句中的不同形式；选择问句中“A还是B”格式与“是A是B”格式的出现及分布情况；反复问句中的不同形式；反复问句中前省的"A-NEG-AB"格式与后省的"AB-NEG-A"格式的出现与分布情况；语气词与不同格式选择问句及反复问句的搭配情况；不同的选择问句及反复问句格式在当时的北京话疑问句中是否存在,存在的话所占比例多少,是否普遍；在语料跨度时期内不同类型的疑问句,包括选择问句和反复问句所占比例是否有变化,有的话呈现出怎样的变化态势；在语料跨度时期内不同类型选择问句和反复问句所占比例是否有变化,有的话呈现出怎样的变化态势。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese mandarin, there exists the format of "know or not know" and "know or not". At the same time, there is also the format of repeated question of "know or not". But older Beijingers are less receptive to "know or not"-"A-NEG-AB"-and understandably don't say so. By contrast, the AB-NEG-A format of repeated questions is more widely accepted and common among the old Beijingers. This is because the contemporary Beijing dialect is influenced by Putonghua, which is quite different from the Beijing dialect in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Many phenomena existing in the Beijing dialect in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China have disappeared in the contemporary Beijing dialect. So in the Beijing dialect system of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, is there a format of repeated questions such as "A" -NEG-ABG'? If it does not exist, given that Beijing dialect is an important foundation of Putonghua, and that the format of repeated questions is not a putonghua system entered through Beijing dialect, then when exactly is it? What influence does it have on entering modern Chinese mandarin? Modern Chinese mandarin is affected by this, has there been other changes, compared with the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the period of Beijing Mandarin is there any other difference? This article intends to choose "Children heroic Biography", "language from you", "Guanyu Guide", < Yanjing Women's language >, < small [annotated] >, < Chun A's >, < Beijing dialect Pronunciation >, "Beijing Custom Q & A" eight materials of Beijing dialect at different periods in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. Regarding the Beijing dialect interrogative sentence system at that stage, In order to understand the general situation of interrogative sentences at that time and the characteristics of the selected questions, especially the special forms of the questions and their special forms, the system of repeated questions can be analyzed statistically in order to understand the general situation of the interrogative sentences at that time and the characteristics of the repeated questions. Then combined with three novels of different periods by Lao She, "philosophy of Lao Zhang", "Xiangzi of Hump Locke" and "under the Red Flag", the author tries to find out the development trend and evolution of interrogative sentences, especially the selective questions and repeated questions. The focus includes choosing different forms of questions, choosing the appearance and distribution of "A or B" format and "A is B" format in questions, and different forms in repeated questions. The appearance and distribution of the "A-NEG-AB" format and the "AB-NEG-A" format in the repeated questions, the collocation of the modal words with the selected questions in different formats and the repeated questions; Whether different forms of selective questions and repeated questions exist in the question sentences of Beijing dialect at that time, what percentage of them are present, whether they are common, and whether different types of interrogative sentences are used in the period of corpus span. Including whether the proportion of selected questions and repeated questions has changed, and if there are any changes in the situation, whether the proportion of different types of selected questions and repeated questions has changed in the period of corpus span. Some words show how to change the situation.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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