基点与调整经验推理：误解形成的根源之一

发布时间：2018-05-12 16:41

本文选题：误解 + 基点与调整经验推理　；参考：《山西大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：大量研究证明,由于听话人与说话人的主观性以及语言的不确定性,交际中误解是不可避免的。然而,正是它的不可避免性激发了许多研究者的兴趣,并成为炙手可热的研究课题。人们希望可以通过研究,找到它的根源,并指导实践,降低误解发生的频率,从而避免严重后果的发生。本文旨在从认知心理学的角度研究误解的现象,并试图用调查问卷的方法证明,基点与调整经验推理是误解形成的根源之一。此经验推理方法是在1974年由Tversky和Kahneman首先提出,随后主要被应用于金融领域。为确保问卷的效度,我们将基点与调整经验推理植入问卷的每个题目,受试者选择的答案可以直接反应他们在话语理解过程中是否会受到基点与调整经验推理的影响。借助SPSS做数据分析后,调查结果显示,受基点与调整心理倾向的影响,当对话人面对有歧义的句子时,倾向于根据先前最近的语境或话轮做出判断(即根据基点判断),如果听话人与说话人所关注的基点相同,则误解不会发生；相反,如果听话人所关注的基点不同于说话人的,则误解发生。由此得出结论,基点与调整经验推理是误解形成的根源之一。本研究从一个崭新的角度研究了误解的根源,为后续的研究提供了借鉴,并可以指导实践,使对话双方从根本上降低误解的发生频率,抑制严重后果的发生。
[Abstract]:A large number of studies have proved that misunderstanding in communication is inevitable due to the subjectivity of hearer and speaker and the uncertainty of language. However, it is its inevitability that arouses the interest of many researchers and becomes a hot research topic. It is hoped that we can find out the root causes of misunderstandings, guide practice and reduce the frequency of misunderstandings so as to avoid the occurrence of serious consequences. The purpose of this paper is to study the phenomenon of misunderstanding from the perspective of cognitive psychology, and try to use the questionnaire to prove that the basic point and the adjustment of empirical reasoning are one of the root causes of the formation of misunderstanding. This empirical reasoning method was first proposed by Tversky and Kahneman in 1974, and then mainly applied in the field of finance. In order to ensure the validity of the questionnaire, we implant the basic point and adjustment empirical reasoning into each topic of the questionnaire. The answers chosen by the subjects can directly reflect whether they will be influenced by the basic point and the adjusted empirical reasoning in the process of discourse comprehension. With the help of SPSS data analysis, the results show that, under the influence of basic point and adjustment psychological tendency, when the interlocutor is faced with ambiguous sentences, A tendency to make judgments based on a previous recent context or turn (that is, on the basis of a basic point), misunderstandings do not occur if the listener and the speaker are concerned with the same basis point; on the contrary, if the hearer's focus is different from that of the speaker, Misunderstandings occur. It is concluded that the basic point and the adjustment of empirical reasoning are one of the root causes of the formation of misunderstanding. This study studies the causes of misunderstanding from a new perspective, which provides a reference for further research, and can guide the practice, so that both sides of the dialogue can fundamentally reduce the frequency of misunderstanding and restrain the occurrence of serious consequences.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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