乌鲁木齐市哈萨克族居民哈汉句内语码转换的语法限制研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 15:31

本文选题：哈语 + 汉语　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在探讨乌鲁木齐市哈萨克族居民哈汉句内语码转换中哈语对嵌入汉语的限制情况。具体从以下三个方面对其进行了分析：第一，在哈汉句内语码转换中，对嵌入在哈语中的汉语的成分限制情况进行分析。第二，分析哈语对嵌入汉语成分的形态限制情况。第三，对嵌入汉语成分在句中语序限制情况进行了分析。根据在新疆乌鲁木齐市家庭，朋友，教育，工作以及市场五个不同领域的场所对具有不同年龄，职业，教育背景的乌鲁木齐市哈萨克族居民日常对话进行录音，得到120个小时的自然语料，并根据小句划分标准，切分出1348个小句，得到1621次语码转换，结合定性及定量的分析方法，对以上三个方面进行了分析，主要分析结果如下：第一，在1621次语码转换中，嵌入的汉语成分分别为词，词组和句子。说明这三种成分在哈汉句内语码转换中并不受限制。其次，词转换了1318次，是转换次数最多的成分。词组转换了297次，位居第二。转换次数最少的是句子。在嵌入的单个词中，发生转换的词性为名词，动词，形容词，副词，数词以及量词。其中，，名词转换次数最多，量词转换次数最少。数词和量词在哈汉句内语码转换中可以发生转换是本研究新的发现。经分析得出，当数词与量词在哈汉句内语码转换中充当名词并起名词作用的时候，它们发生转换是有可能的。参与转换的词组为名词词组，动词词组以及形容词词组。其中，名词词组最多，动词词组位居第二，形容词词组最少。所有参与转换的句子为简单句，其中主谓句居多。第二，嵌入的汉语成分全部按照哈语的句法规则发生了形态变化。嵌入的名词以及名词词组按哈语中名词词缀规则经历了格，复数，所属物等词缀的变化。动词以及动词词组被加上了表示体，时，态，形容词化，名词化等词缀。形容词以及形容词词组，副词，数词以及量词都按照哈萨克语法名物化后缀接了相应的词缀。说明做主体语的哈语提供了哈汉语码转换的语法结构的框架。第三，在句法层面上，由于哈语与汉语的语序不同，哈语语序对嵌入的汉语进行了限制，嵌入的汉语均按照哈语的语序嵌入在哈语句中，并且除补语外，主，谓，宾，定以及状语的位置上均可发生语码转换。说明在补语位置上，语码转换是受限制的。根据以上结果，说明在哈汉句内语码转换中，嵌入的汉语是受哈语限制的，并且各个成分所受限制的程度不相同。在嵌入成分上，嵌入的汉语中单个词类最多，在形态限制上，所有嵌入汉语成分都受到了哈语的形态限制。在句法限制上，嵌入的汉语遵循哈语语序并除补语外，所有位置都可发生转换。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the restriction of Hali language on embedded Chinese in the inner-sentence code conversion of Kazakh people in Urumqi. It is analyzed from the following three aspects: first, in the inter-sentence code-switching of Ha-Han, the article analyzes the restriction of the Chinese language embedded in the Ha-Han language. Secondly, the paper analyzes the morphological restriction of Hali language on embedded Chinese elements. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the word order restriction of embedded Chinese components in sentences. According to the situation in five different fields of family, friends, education, work and market in Urumqi, Xinjiang, the Kazakh residents of Urumqi with different ages, occupations and educational backgrounds are recorded on a daily basis. 120 hours of natural corpus is obtained. According to the standard of clause division, 1348 clauses are divided into 1348 clauses and 1621 times code-switching are obtained. Combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, the above three aspects are analyzed. The main results are as follows: First, in 1621 code-switching, the embedded Chinese components are words, phrases and sentences. It shows that these three components are not restricted in the inter-sentence code-switching. Second, word conversion 1318 times, is the most frequent conversion component. The phrase changed 297 times, ranking second. The least number of conversions are sentences. In an embedded single word, the conversion takes place in nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, and quantifiers. Among them, the number of noun conversion is the most, quantifier conversion is the least. It is a new discovery in this study that numerals and quantifiers can be converted in the inter-sentence code-switching. The analysis shows that it is possible for numerals and quantifiers to change when they act as nouns and nouns in the code-switching between Han and Han sentences. The phrases involved in the conversion are noun phrases, verb phrases and adjective phrases. Among them, the noun phrase is the most, the verb phrase is the second, and the adjective phrase is the least. All the sentences involved in the conversion are simple sentences, in which the subject-predicate sentence is the majority. Secondly, all the embedded Chinese elements changed according to the syntax rules of Hali language. The embedded nouns and noun phrases undergo the changes of affixes such as case plural and object according to the rules of noun affixes. Verbs and verb phrases are affixed with expressions, tense, state, adjective, and nominalization. Adjectives and adjective phrases, adverbs, numerals and quantifiers are affixed according to Kazakh nominalization suffixes. The main body language provides the grammatical framework of code conversion. Thirdly, at the syntactic level, because of the difference between the word order of Hali and Chinese, the order of Hali language restricts the embedded Chinese language. The embedded Chinese language is embedded in the Kazakh sentence according to the word order of the Hali language, and in addition to the complement, the subject, the predicate, the object, the subject, the predicate, and the object. Code-switching can occur in definite and adverbial positions. It shows that code-switching is restricted in the position of complement. According to the above results, it is shown that the embedded Chinese language is restricted by the Kazakh language in the inter-sentence code-switching, and the extent of the restrictions on each component is different. In terms of embedded components, the single part of speech is the most embedded in Chinese, and in morphological restriction, all embedded Chinese components are subject to the morphological constraints of Kazakh. In syntactic restriction, the embedded Chinese follows the word order of Hali and all positions can be changed with the exception of complement.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H236;H146

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