现代汉语主谓式复合词研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 19:58

本文选题：主谓式复合词 + 主素　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：主谓式复合词是现代汉语复合词的主要类型之一,但由于数量相对较少,故所受关注也相对有限。关于主谓式复合词,已有一些学者进行过研究,但主要内容是其分布、历时或零散的语义研究,关于它在现代汉语中的深入研究则相对薄弱。主谓式复合词长期存在并被广泛使用,说明它有存在的必要性,因而,研究这一类复合词,对于现代汉语复合词系统乃至整个现代汉语词汇系统,都是十分有必要的。我们从《现代汉语词典》(第6版)中提取出所有的主谓式复合词作为本文研究的语料,并主要分四章对这些现代汉语主谓式复合词进行研究。第一章是现代汉语主谓式复合词的判定。首先,我们探讨什么是主谓关系,以及现代汉语主谓式复合词的主谓关系又有何独特之处。其次,我们分别对现代汉语主谓式复合词的主素和谓素进行判定,我们使用的判定标准是综合式的,既借鉴了形式标准,又从意义角度来进行甄别。之后我们分析了现代汉语主谓式复合词的特点。最后,我们探讨了在现代汉语主谓式复合词中比较重要的几个词群,包括“自X”类和表人体名称类的主谓式复合词等。主谓式复合词的判定是一个十分重要的基础工作,由于数量少,每一个词判定的正确与否对于整个语料的作用都很重要。第二章中我们分别分析了主谓式复合词的前后两个构成部分——主素和谓素。关于主素,其性质只有名词性和代词性两种,我们根据意义又将它们细分为不同的类别；从语义特征方面,我们分析出主素的三个主要特征：无生性、无定指性和非施事性。关于谓素,其性质只有动词性和形容词性两种,我们先分析了它们在语义上主要的特征,即是否具有可控性；之后,我们又分析了谓素的非及物性特征,并对一些具有及物性的特例作了分析和解释。第三章中我们对现代汉语主谓式复合词进行了语义角度的分析。首先是表义类型,我们认为有六种。之后,我们分析了现代汉语主谓式复合词的词素和词的语义关系,包含两大类,即组合关系与融合关系,并进一步分析了融合关系中的几种不同融合方式。最后,我们论述了现代汉语主谓式复合词的单义性,以及转类现象,即词性和谓素的素性不同的情况,并分析转类现象的成因和它在主谓式复合词成词方面所体现出的作用。第四章我们探讨了现代汉语主谓式复合词的衍生情况,首先是现代汉语主谓式复合词的来源问题,我们认为它们一部分从古代汉语演化发展而来,另一部分则是利用主谓关系在现代汉语中全新创制的。接着,我们探讨了现代汉语主谓式复合词的衍生机制、衍生特点以及衍生的影响因素,关于影响因素,我们主要分析了三个方面,即隐喻转喻、用典,以及外来语的影响。
[Abstract]:The subject-predicate compound is one of the main types of modern Chinese compound words, but because of the relatively small number, the attention is relatively limited. Some scholars have studied the subject-predicate compound, but the main content is its distribution, diachronic or scattered semantic research, but the in-depth study on it in modern Chinese is relatively weak. Subject-predicate compound words exist for a long time and are widely used, which shows the necessity of their existence. Therefore, it is necessary to study this kind of compound words for the modern Chinese compound word system and even the whole modern Chinese lexical system. We extract all the subject-predicate compound words from the Dictionary of Modern Chinese (6th Edition) as the corpus of this paper, and mainly divide into four chapters to study these modern Chinese subject-predicate compound words. The first chapter is the judgment of the subject-predicate compound in modern Chinese. First of all, we discuss what is the subject-predicate relationship, and what is unique about the subject-predicate relationship in modern Chinese. Secondly, we judge the subject and predicate elements of the subject and predicate compound words in modern Chinese, and the criteria we use are comprehensive, which not only draw lessons from the formal standard, but also discriminate from the perspective of meaning. Then we analyze the characteristics of the subject-predicate compound in modern Chinese. Finally, we discuss several important word groups in modern Chinese subject-predicate compound words, including the subject-predicate compound words of "self-X" class and human body name class. The judgment of subject-predicate compound words is a very important basic work, because of the small number, the judgment of each word is very important to the function of the whole corpus. In the second chapter, we analyze the two components of the subject-predicate compound: the principal prime and the predicate prime. There are only two kinds of principal primes, noun and pronoun, and we subdivide them into different categories according to their meanings. In terms of semantic features, we analyze the three main features of principal elements: anarchy, asdeterminacy and non-agency. There are only two kinds of predicate morpheme: verb and adjective. We first analyze their main semantic characteristics, that is, whether they have controllability, and then we analyze the non- and transitive characteristics of predicate. Some special cases with physical properties are analyzed and explained. In the third chapter, we analyze the subject-predicate compound in modern Chinese from the semantic point of view. The first is the type of meaning, we think there are six. After that, we analyze the semantic relationship between morpheme and word of the subject-predicate compound word in modern Chinese, which includes two categories, that is, the combination relation and the fusion relation, and further analyzes several different fusion ways in the fusion relationship. Finally, we discuss the single meaning of the subject-predicate compound words in modern Chinese, and the phenomenon of transformation, that is, the difference between the primality of part of speech and the element of predicate, and analyze the causes of the phenomenon of conversion and its role in the formation of subject-predicate compound words. In the fourth chapter, we discuss the derivation of subject-predicate compound words in modern Chinese, first of all, the source of subject-predicate compound words in modern Chinese. We think that some of them have developed from the evolution of ancient Chinese. The other part is to use the subject-predicate relationship in modern Chinese to create a new. Then, we discuss the derivative mechanism, the derivative characteristics and the influence factors of the subject-predicate compound words in modern Chinese. As for the influencing factors, we mainly analyze three aspects, namely, metonymy, allusions, and the influence of foreign loan words.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

【引证文献】