东乡语与兰州方言恭维言语行为的语用策略对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 03:20

本文选题：东乡语 + 恭维　；参考：《兰州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究主要考察年龄和权势因素是否会对东乡族女性实施恭维言语行为策略有影响,并探讨其蕴涵的文化背景；同时对比东乡族女性和兰州汉族女性实施恭维言语行为的语用策略的异同,并探究产生这些异同的原因。根据布拉姆·卡尔卡和噢希顿(Blum-Kulka和Olshtain)(1984)的方法,本研究运用“完成会话”(DCT)收集自然语料,然后进行系统分析。恭维言语行为分为三部分：称呼、实施恭维部分和附加部分。事实恭维部分包括三种“说话角度”；即,说话人角度、听话人角度和无角度；还包括两种“实施策略”；即,句法(委婉)策略和词汇(缓和)策略。BrownLevmson(1987)提出威胁面子行为轻重的三个因素.”说话者和听话者之间的亲疏关系、说话者和听话者之间的相对权势以及要求事物的大小。BrownLevinson(1987)认为不同文化背景下对文化语境和社会变量的评测不同。据此,本研究运用定量和定性相结合的方法对濒危语言(东乡语)和同处中国西北部的兰州方言进行对比,集中考察东乡语和兰州方言中恭维言语行为实施部分的句法策略和附加部分的言语行为策略。本研究的目的在于记录东乡语实施恭维言语行为的策略,总结东乡语实施恭维的语用特点,为保护和传承我国濒危语言尽微薄之力。本研究的研究对象均为土生土长的操东乡语和兰州方言的本族人。研究步骤分为访谈,语境设计,角色扮演并全程录像录音,DCT问卷设计,预测,预测问卷修改以及问卷定稿。问卷定稿后,在翻译的帮助下,进行大范圈的问卷调查。研究者随机选择东乡锁南坝乡民和皋兰县乡民各260名为受试,分为四组(青年女性-青年女性,青年女性-老年女性,老年女性-青年女性,老年女性-老年女性)。其中,青年女性130名(年龄均在18-30岁之间),老年女性130名(年龄均在55岁以上)。最后得到240份有效答卷,然后根据有效问卷对数据结果进行分析和讨论。本研究的研究问题是(1)年龄对东乡族女性实施恭维的语用策略是否有影响?如果有,有何影响?(2)年龄对东乡族女性和兰州汉族女性在实施恭维的语用策略的影响是否存在异同,如果有,有何异同?(3)权势对东乡族女性选用实施恭维的语用策略是否有影响?如果有,有何影响?(4)权势对东乡族和兰州汉族女性实施恭维的语用策略的影响是否存在异同,有何异同? 研究结果表明：(1)年龄因素对东乡族女性实施恭维的语用策略有影响。她们普遍喜欢使用陈述句实施恭维,但老年恭维老年时使用陈述句的次数比恭维青年多,而老年恭维青年使用感叹句的频率远远高于恭维老年。青年恭维老年时很少使用感叹句,而恭维青年时使用感叹句的频率较高。在附加策略方面,东乡族老年女性和青年女性均倾向于使用原因策略恭维,但老年使用原因策略频率更高；青年恭维老年时使用最频繁的是原因策略,而恭维青年时使用最频繁的是询问策略； (2)年龄因素对东乡族女性和兰州汉族女性实施恭维言语行为的语用策略影响存在异同。东乡族女性和汉族女性在实施恭维部分选用的策略均有明显差异；在六种附加策略中,组1(东乡族老年女性-东乡族老年女性)和组a(汉族老年女性-汉族老年女性)使用评价策略和询问策略差异不显著,其余血种附加策略使用方面均存在差异；组2(东乡族老年女性-东乡族青年女性)和组b(汉族老年女性-汉族青年女性)在感谢策略和评价策略方面无明显差异,其余有四种附加策略的使用均有显著差异；组3(东乡族青年女性-东乡族老年女性)和组c(汉族青年女性-汉族老年女性)与组4(东乡族青年女性-东乡族青年女性)和组d(汉族青年女性-汉族青年女性)在承诺策略和对比策略无差异,其它附加策略的使用差异明显。 (3)权势的高低对东乡族女性实施恭维的语用策略有影响。权势强的恭维者对权势弱的被恭维者实施恭维多采用陈述句；权势弱的恭维者对权势强的被恭维者实施恭维时倾向于使用感叹句。在附加策略方面,权势的高低对使用感谢策略和询问策略方面无明显影响,其它策略的使用均受到权势的影响。 (4)权势对东乡族女性和兰州汉族女性实施恭维的语用策略的影响存在异同。在实施恭维部分中,权势的高低对选用陈述句实施恭维的影响无显著差异；但对选用感叹句实施恭维的影响存在明显差异；在附加部分中,权势的高低对两个民族女性使用对比策略,评价策略的影响存在显著差异。但权势的高低对她们使用感谢策略实施恭维的影响不存在显著性差异；总之,年龄和权势对东乡族女性实施恭维策略均有影响,且这两个因素对东乡族女性和汉族女性实施恭维策略的影响存在异同。本研究发现恭维语跨文化差异源于社会文化和宗教差异,恭维言语行为具有显明的文化特征：文末对此进行了分析讨论。
[Abstract]:This study mainly examines whether age and power factors will affect Dongxiang women's compliment speech behavior strategies, and explore its cultural background. At the same time, it compares the similarities and differences of the pragmatic strategies of Dongxiang and Lanzhou Han women in the implementation of compliments, and explores the reasons for these similarities and differences. According to Brahm card. The method of Blum-Kulka and Shton (1984) (1984), this study uses the "complete conversation" (DCT) to collect the natural corpus, and then carries out a systematic analysis. Compliment speech acts are divided into three parts: address, compliment and additional parts. The factual compliments include three kinds of "speaking angles"; that is, the speaker's angle, the hearer's angle. Degree and no angle; also includes two "implementation strategies", namely, the syntax (Wei Wan) strategy and the vocabulary (1987) strategy.BrownLevmson (1987) to threaten the severity of the face of the three factors. "The relationship between the speaker and the listener, the relative power between the speaker and the listener and the size of the.BrownLevinson (198)." 7) the evaluation of cultural context and social variables in different cultural backgrounds is different. According to this, this study compares the endangered language (Dongxiang language) and the Lanzhou dialect of the same place in the northwest of China with the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis, and concentrates on the syntactic strategy and attachment of the compliment speech act implementation part of Dongxiang and Lanzhou dialects. The purpose of this study is to record the strategies for the implementation of compliments in the Dongxiang language, and to summarize the pragmatic features of the compliment in the Dongxiang language, so as to protect and inherit the endangered language of our country.
The subjects of this study were native speakers of native speakers of Dongxiang language and Lanzhou dialect. The research steps were divided into interviews, context design, role playing and full video recording, DCT questionnaire design, prediction, revised questionnaire and questionnaire. The machine selected 260 people in Dongxiang lock Nan dam and Gaolan County, which were divided into four groups (young women - young women, young women - old women, old women - young women, old women - old women). Among them, 130 young women (all aged 18-30 years old) and 130 aged women (aged over 55 years old). Finally, 240 An effective answer is then analyzed and discussed according to the effective questionnaire.
The research questions are (1) does age affect Dongxiang women's pragmatic strategies for compliments? If there is, what is the influence? (2) whether there is a difference in the influence of age on Dongxiang women and Lanzhou Han women in the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies, if there are any similarities and differences? (3) the power of power is to be applied to the women of Dongxiang. Do pragmatic strategies have an impact? If so, what are the effects of it? (4) is there any similarities and differences between the influence of power on the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies for the Dongxiang and Lanzhou Han women, and what are the similarities and differences?
The results show that: (1) age factors have an impact on the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies for women in Dongxiang. They generally prefer to use declarative sentences to carry out compliments, but the number of declarative sentences in old age compliments is more than that of compliments, and the frequency of exclamatory sentences for elderly compliments is far higher than that of compliments. The frequency of exclamatory sentences is higher than the use of exclamations. In addition, the elderly women and young women in Dongxiang tend to use the reason strategy to compliment, but the frequency of the use of the reasons is higher; the most frequent use is the cause strategy for the young people who compliment the elderly, and the most frequent use of the compliments is the youth. Inquiry strategy;
(2) there are similarities and differences between age factors and the pragmatic strategies of compliment speech behavior in Dongxiang and Lanzhou Han women. There are significant differences in the strategies for the implementation of compliments in Dongxiang and Han women. Among the six additional strategies, group 1 (Dongxiang elderly women, Dongxiang elderly women) and group A (elderly women of Han nationality) The use of evaluation strategy and inquiry strategy is not significant, and there are differences in the use of additional strategies for the rest of the blood. Group 2 (Dongxiang elderly women - Dongxiang young women) and group B (Han elderly women - Han young women) have no significant differences in the strategy and evaluation strategy, the other four additional strategies There are significant differences in the use of group 3 (Dongxiang young women - Dongxiang elderly women) and group C (Han young women - Han elderly women) and group 4 (Dongxiang young women - Dongxiang young women) and group D (Han young women - Han young women) in commitment strategy and contrast strategy, the use of other additional strategies is distinct. Obvious.
(3) the high and low powers of power have an influence on the pragmatic strategies of compliments for the women of the Dongxiang nationality. The powerful compliments adopt compliments to the weak compliments, and the weak compliments tend to use exclamatory sentences when the powerful and powerful compliments use compliments. There is no obvious influence on strategy and strategy, and the use of other strategies is affected by power.
(4) there are similarities and differences between the influence of power on the implementation of compliment pragmatic strategies for the women of Dongxiang and the Han women in Lanzhou. In the implementation of compliments, there is no significant difference in the influence of compliments on the selection of declarative sentences. However, there are obvious differences in the influence of compliments on the selection of exclamatory sentences; in the additional part, the height of power is two There are significant differences in the impact of the evaluation strategy, but there is no significant difference in the influence of their use of the compliments.
All in all, age and power have an impact on the implementation of compliment strategies for women in Dongxiang, and there are similarities and differences between the two factors affecting the compliment strategies of Dongxiang and Han women. This study finds that the cross cultural differences of compliments originate from the cultural and religious differences, and the compliment speech acts have obvious cultural characteristics. The analysis and discussion were carried out.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H233;H172.2

【参考文献】