基于框架理论的中美新闻报道的批评性话语分析

发布时间：2018-05-22 18:34

本文选题：南海争端 + 批评话语分析　；参考：《河北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言不仅是人们交流的工具,也是社会意识形态的反映。批评话语分析(CDA)研究语言、权力及意识形态的共生关系,其旨在揭示语篇中含而不露的意识形态,并解释其生成过程以及存在的社会条件。但随着研究的深入,主流批评话语分析因为缺少了对认知因素的探讨而受到广泛批评,因而近年来,越来越多的认知语言学的研究成果如隐喻、转喻、范畴化也逐渐应用到批评话语分析中。然而,作为认知语言学一部分的框架理论和批评话语分析结合的很少。但通过对框架理论的分析,可以发现其中的一些重要观点对批评话语分析有重要启示,可以成为批评话语分析的重要工具。本文将以框架理论为视角,运用框架理论中的基本概念和观点从词汇、句子、篇章的层面对新闻语篇进行批评话语分析,探讨框架理论如何为批评话语分析提供新的视角和思路,以及实现在认知层面对意识形态更全面的分析。2014年5月,中国在南海进行正常石油钻塔操作时,遭到了越南的无端阻止,越方不但在海上多次派船骚扰中国石油钻塔,并且在国内发起了反华暴乱,给中国造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。国内外各大媒体也竞相对此事进行报道。以此为背景,本文以框架理论为视角,对中美两大知名媒体China Daily和CNN中关于此次南海争端的二十八篇新闻报道进行批评话语分析。本文的研究成果有:第一,新闻并不总是客观的,CNN和China Daily在同一事件的报道中存在很多差异。第二,框架理论可以作为批评话语分析的有效工具。框架理论中的观点可以为批评话语分析在词汇、句子、语篇方面提供启示。第三,通过运用框架理论进行批评话语分析,发现CNN和China Daily传递了不同的意识形态。CNN将中国视为威胁者,并将所有紧张和麻烦归咎中国。而China Daily认为越南才应该为一且后果负责,并不断强调对南海的主权,坚决反对任何侵犯主权或干涉主权的行为。第四,新闻中凸显的不同框架以及传递的不同意识形态与其社会背景紧密相关。本文理论意义在于弥补了批评话语分析的不足,现实意义在于通过对新闻语篇进行批评分析,有利于帮助人们更好地认识新闻背后隐藏的意识形态,并增强读者的批评性阅读意识以及提高读者批评性阅读能力,今后更加全面地看待新闻报道。
[Abstract]:Language is not only a tool for people to communicate, but also a reflection of social ideology. Critical discourse Analysis (CDA) studies the symbiotic relationship among language, power and ideology, which aims to reveal the hidden ideology in the discourse and to explain the process of its formation and the social conditions of its existence. However, with the deepening of the research, the mainstream critical discourse analysis has been widely criticized for its lack of discussion of cognitive factors. Therefore, in recent years, more and more researches on cognitive linguistics, such as metaphor and metonymy, have been carried out. Categorization is also gradually applied to critical discourse analysis. However, the combination of framework theory and critical discourse analysis as part of cognitive linguistics is rare. However, through the analysis of the framework theory, we can find that some of the important viewpoints have important implications for critical discourse analysis and can become an important tool for critical discourse analysis. From the perspective of frame theory, this paper analyzes the critical discourse of news discourse from the lexical, sentence and textual levels using the basic concepts and viewpoints of frame theory. To explore how the framework theory can provide a new perspective and train of thought for critical discourse analysis, and to achieve a more comprehensive analysis of ideology at the cognitive level. In May 2014, China conducted a normal oil rig operation in the South China Sea. Vietnam has not only sent ships to harass Chinese oil rigs many times, but also launched anti-China riots at home, causing serious casualties and property losses to China. Major media at home and abroad are also competing to cover the matter. Against this background, this paper makes a critical discourse analysis of 28 news reports on the South China Sea dispute in China Daily and CNN, two well-known media in China and the United States from the perspective of frame theory. The main results of this paper are as follows: first, news is not always objective. There are many differences between CNN and China Daily in reporting the same event. Second, framework theory can be used as an effective tool for critical discourse analysis. The view of frame theory can provide inspiration for critical discourse analysis in terms of vocabulary, sentence and discourse. Thirdly, by using framework theory to analyze critical discourse, it is found that CNN and China Daily transmit different ideologies. CNN regards China as a threat, and blames China for all its nervousness and trouble. China Daily blamed Vietnam for the consequences and insisted on sovereignty over the South China Sea, firmly opposed to any encroachment on or interference with sovereignty. Fourth, the different frames and different ideologies in news are closely related to their social background. The theoretical significance of this paper is to make up for the deficiency of critical discourse analysis, and the practical significance lies in the fact that through the critical analysis of news discourse, it is helpful to help people better understand the hidden ideology behind the news. And enhance readers' critical reading awareness and improve critical reading ability, and view news reports more comprehensively in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H15;H315

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