基于语料库的名词“东西”指称功能的深度分析

发布时间：2018-05-25 16:41

本文选题：名词 + 东西　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要讨论事物名词“东西”的指称功能、词义演变机制及其语用表现,理论背景跟应用语言学、语义学和认知语言学中的隐喻、转喻等相关,运用描写与解释相结合、定量统计与定性分析相结合的方法进行考察。本文主要内容分为三个部分。第一部分综述前人对于事物名词指称分类、“东西”语源的探讨以及认知语言学中隐喻和转喻等相关问题的研究现状,提出现有研究的不足之处和争议所在,并简要介绍本文研究的目的和意义,希望能够深化汉语中对某个名词指称功能的研究,也希望能够为汉语教学实践提供一份参考资料。第二部分首先总结了关于“东西”语源的几种主要说法,而后基于历时角度(语料范围为先秦两汉时期至清朝)考察“东西”的始见例及语义范畴。在对“东西”语源考察的基础上,厘清了“东西”的本义、引申义,并依据认知语言学中的隐喻和转喻的相关理论对其词义演变机制进行了浅显的探讨。另外通过语料查阅还发现,明清时期的“东西”已不仅仅表示方向和事物,而且还产生了语用方面的新用法,并以清代小说《红楼梦》为例,分析“东西”指称人物时表贬损、谩骂义的语用情况及句法形式归类。第三部分是基于CCL语料库对“东西”的指称对象在语义、语法和语用三个范畴内进行分类总结。语义上,“东西”可分为通指与单指,在单指的下位分类里分为定指和不定指,定指与不定指又分别根据所指称的对象是具体事物还是抽象事物分为具体义和抽象义；而后又依据《现代汉语语法信息词典》将所取语料中“东西”指称的名词归纳为8个子类并对与“东西”搭配的动词词项和词频进行了详细的考察。语法上,本文总结了“东西”所在的六种基本句法结构,得出相应数据并举例说明。语用方面,结合语境分析“东西”指人时的语用表现为：指称人时常用在否定句和反问句中表示对人的贬斥和责骂；“东西”前边有感情修饰词语,可以表达丰富的感情色彩；“东西”在某些特定场合可以代指一些隐晦、敏感、不便于明说的词语。结合以上对“东西”各方面的考察,提出对词典释义的启示。另外,本章还讨论了“东西”的网络语言变体——“东东”。通过考察“东东”在网络语言中运用的情况,引出一些类似于“东东”的“叠音童语词”。而后根据前人研究的成果,“叠音童语词”可根据词性的不同而归纳出名词、动词、形容词和副词等几类。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the referential function of the noun "east-west", the mechanism of word meaning evolution and its pragmatic expression, the theoretical background related to metaphor and metonymy in applied linguistics, semantics and cognitive linguistics, and the combination of description and interpretation. The method of combining quantitative statistics with qualitative analysis was investigated. The main content of this paper is divided into three parts. The first part summarizes the previous researches on the classification of noun reference, the etymology of "East-West", and the related problems in cognitive linguistics, such as metaphor and metonymy, and points out the shortcomings and controversies of the existing researches. It also briefly introduces the purpose and significance of this study, hoping to deepen the research on the function of a noun reference in Chinese, and to provide a reference for the practice of Chinese teaching. The second part summarizes several main theories about the etymology of "East and West", and then examines the beginning and semantic categories of "East and West" based on the diachronic perspective (the scope of the corpus is from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties to the Qing Dynasty). On the basis of the investigation of the etymology of "east-west", this paper clarifies the original meaning of "east-west" and introduces the meaning of "east-west", and probes into its lexical meaning evolution mechanism according to the relevant theories of metaphor and metonymy in cognitive linguistics. In addition, it is found that the "thing" in the Ming and Qing dynasties not only indicates the direction and things, but also produces a new usage in pragmatics. Taking the novel A Dream of Red Mansions in Qing Dynasty as an example, the author analyzes the derogatory meaning of the "East and West" referential characters. The pragmatic situation and syntactic form classification of abusive meanings. The third part is the classification and summary of East-West reference objects in semantic, grammatical and pragmatic categories based on CCL corpus. Semantically, "thing" can be divided into general reference and single reference. In the lower category of single finger, it can be divided into definite and indefinite, and definite and indefinite are classified into concrete meaning and abstract meaning according to whether the object is specific or abstract. Then, according to the Modern Chinese Grammar Information Dictionary, the reference nouns of "East and West" in the corpus are classified into eight subcategories, and the verb items and word frequency collocation with "East-West" are investigated in detail. Grammatically, this paper summarizes the six basic syntactic structures of East-West, obtains the corresponding data and illustrates them by examples. In pragmatic aspect, the pragmatic expression of "east and west" refers to human being in the light of context: denouncing and scolding people in negative sentences and rhetorical questions, affective modifiers in front of "east and west", which can express rich emotional color; "thing" can be used to refer to obscure, sensitive, and inconvenient words in certain situations. Combined with the above investigation of the East and West, this paper puts forward the enlightenment to the interpretation of the dictionary. In addition, this chapter also discusses the east-west network language variant-East-West. By investigating the application of East-West in network language, some reduplicative children's words similar to East-West are introduced. Then, according to the results of previous studies, we can conclude several kinds of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs according to the different parts of speech.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146.2

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