汉语“比”字句教学研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 16:43

本文选题：现代汉语 + “比”字句　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“比”字句因为含有明显的比较标记“比”，被公认为比较句的最典型形式，广泛应用于口语和书面语之中。由于比较范畴与我们的生活息息相关，所以外国留学生在汉语学习的初级阶段便会接触这一句式。尽管我们母语学习者感觉这一句式非常简单，但是留学生却因为受到母语背景、对汉语知识掌握不牢固等因素的影响，经常出现各种让人匪夷所思的错误。最常见的一类错误便是在“比”字句中错误地使用“很”“比较”等词，例如“我比他很高”“爸爸比妈妈比较高”。为了解决留学生在学习“比”字句时出现的错误，本文希望在认真整合“比”字句的现有成果基础上，研究这些成果中对教学有帮助的部分，以期能够对以后“比”字句的教学提供帮助。同时，为了使研究成果更有针对性和应用性，本文将研究对象界定为“典型‘比’字句”中结论项为形容词的一类。通过研究留学生的错误语料，得出教学时的注意事项，并从教学顺序等角度研究了“比”字句的教学策略。 “比”字句并不是独立存在的，它是诸多比较句中最重要的一种。在运用比较范畴时，尽管“比”字句使用频率较高，但并不意味着所有的说法都要朝“比”字句靠拢，这不符合汉语语言丰富多样的特点。例如，尽管“我比他幸福多了。”跟“比起他来，我幸福多了。”表达的意思差不多，，但是我们还要结合语境来选择采用哪种说法，否则，就可能说出不符合实际的句子。因此，我们在教授“比”字句时，还要在学生掌握了“比”字句的典型句式之后，引导学生掌握其变体形式，只有这样，学生的表达才会更得心应手，才会说出更标准的汉语。
[Abstract]:"Bi" is generally recognized as the most typical form of comparative sentence, which is widely used in spoken and written language. Because the category of comparison is closely related to our life, foreign students will touch this sentence in the primary stage of Chinese learning. Although our native language learners feel this The sentence pattern is very simple, but the foreign students are often mistaken for the influence of the background of the mother tongue and the weak knowledge of Chinese knowledge. The most common mistake is to use "very" and "comparison" in the "comparison" sentence, for example, "I am higher than him", "Dad is more than mom." It's higher.
In order to solve the mistakes made by foreign students in learning the "comparison" sentence, this article hopes to study the existing achievements of the "comparison" and help the teaching of these achievements in order to help the teaching of the "comparison" sentence in the future. Meanwhile, in order to make the research more pertinent and practical, this paper is to make the research work more pertinent and practical. In this paper, the object of the study is defined as a class of adjectives in the "typical 'ratio" sentence. By studying the wrong corpus of the foreign students, the items of attention in the teaching are drawn and the teaching strategies of "comparison" are studied from the angle of teaching order.
"Comparison" is not independent, it is the most important of many comparative sentences. In the use of comparative categories, although the "comparison" sentence is used more frequently, it does not mean that all the statements are close to the "comparison" sentence, which does not conform to the rich and diverse features of the Chinese language. For example, "I am much happier than he is." "I'm much happier than he comes." the meaning of the expression is similar, but we have to choose which language to adopt in context, otherwise, we may say a sentence that is not practical. So, when we teach "compare", we also have students master their variants after they have mastered the typical sentences of "comparison". Only in this way can students' expression be more handy and speak more standard Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】