专有名词“类指义”的认知分析

发布时间：2018-05-26 13:08

本文选题：专有名词 + 类指义　；参考：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以英汉语中的专有名词的类指义为考察对象，考察其语义基础，意义分类以及解读机制。专有名词的类指义是一种常见而又独特的现象，具有自己的特征。专有名词本身具有特指性，专门用来指称特定的人、地方、组织、机构等，但是现在有很多专有名词具有类指义,也就是说专有名词可以用来指代整个一类人或事物。例如：汉语中常见的“伯乐”和“包公”两个词，英语中的Hamlet和Scrooge，原本分别指的是春秋战国时期善于相马的那个人，北宋时期清廉公正、威严执法的官员，莎士比亚同名悲剧作品中的男主人公和英国文豪查尔斯狄更斯著名小说《圣诞颂歌》里的吝啬的男主角。现在却分别可以用于表示善于发现有天赋才干的人，公正威严的官员（或人），犹豫不决的人和吝啬鬼，这些无疑都具有类指义。前人关于类指义的研究多集中于普通名词的适当形式，如：光杆名词、复数名词、一+量词+名词、等等。对于专有名词从特指到类指的转移的研究却鲜有人涉及。并且，前人关于专有名词的研究多从哲学、语义、语用等角度开展，很少关注其类指义的生成机制的研究。因此，本文试图在认知语言学的框架下，对专有名词的类指义进行系统的分析，基于Jackendoff的概念语义学分析其语义基础和Radden和Kovesces的转喻理论研究其生成机制。本文首先研究了专有名词类指义的认知语义基础。专有名词既具有符号概念又具有类概念。专有名词从特指向类指的转移取决于其范畴化的能力，也就是说，专有名词不仅要表达符号概念也要表达类概念。因此，概念结构的二重性是专有名词具有类指义的语义基础。其次，文章谈论了专有名词类指义的分类。基于中英文中语料的分析，本文依据专有名词和其指称对象的关系把其类指义分为六大类：事物-特征型类指义，生产者-产品型类指义，产地-产品型类指义，地名-时间型类指义，地名-机构型指义和控制型类指义。这些类指义确与一定的语境（包含文化语境和情景语境）因素有关。这六大类类指义中，有一些主要受文化语境影响，有一些主要受情景语境影响，还有一些包含这两种语境的影响来实现类指义的。基于以上的分析，本文采用Radden和Kovesces的转喻理论作为识解其生成机制的理论基础。事物-特征型类指义中，有两次范畴-特征理想化认知模型里的转喻；生产者-产品类指义中，发生一次产品理想化认知模型里的转喻；产地-产品类指义经历一次产品理想化认知模型里的另一种类型的转喻；地名-事件类指义中，分别在地理位置和范畴-成员理想化认知模型里各经历一次转喻；地名-机构类指义经历一次地理位置理想化认知模型里的转喻；控制型类指义在控制理想化认知模型里经历一次转喻。本文由五章构成。第一章是本文的引言部分，为整篇论文提供理论全景，包括文章的研究范围、研究的必要性，研究问题、研究目的以及研究方法和语料的收集。第二章是文献综述部分，回顾了前人从不同角度对专有名词的研究以及对类指义的相关研究。肯定了他们的研究，也指出了不足之处以及本文研究的新意。第三章是理论框架部分，，首先依据Jackendoff的概念语义学阐释了专有名词类指义的语义基础，然后提出了本研究的理论解释框架即转喻理论。第四章是对专有名类指义的分类和认知解读。根据专有名词和其指称对象的关系将类指义进行分类，并依据转喻理论对其生成机制进行详细解读。第五章是本文的结论部分，总结本文的发现以及研究的局限。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning of the proper nouns in English and Chinese as the object of investigation, to examine the semantic basis, the classification of meaning and the mechanism of interpretation. The meaning of the proper nouns is a common and unique phenomenon and has its own characteristics. There are a lot of proper nouns with class meaning, that is to say that proper nouns can be used to refer to the whole class of people or things. For example, the two words "Bole" and "Bao Gong" in Chinese, Hamlet and Scrooge in English, are originally the person who is good at the horse in the spring and Autumn Warring States period, and the Northern Song Dynasty is honest and impartial and impartial. The law officer, the hero of the tragic works of Shakespeare and the famous British writer Charles Dickens's famous novel, the stingy hero in the Christmas Carol, can now be used to express a fair and talented person, an impartial Officer (or a person), an indecisive person and a miser, which are undoubtedly of the same class. Meaning.
The previous studies on the meaning of class finger are mostly concentrated on the proper forms of ordinary nouns, such as the noun noun, the plural noun, the one + quantifier + noun, etc. The study of the transfer of the proper nouns from the special to the class finger is rarely involved. In the framework of cognitive linguistics, this paper tries to make a systematic analysis of the class meaning of proper nouns in the framework of cognitive linguistics. Based on Jackendoff's conceptual semantics, it analyzes its semantic basis and the metonymy theory of Radden and Kovesces to study its generation mechanism.
This paper first studies the cognitive semantic basis of the meaning of proper nouns. Proper nouns not only have symbolic concepts but also class concepts. The transfer of proper nouns from special points to class fingers depends on their ability to categorize, that is to say, proper nouns not only express the concept of symbols but also express class concepts. Therefore, the duality of the conceptual structure is special. A noun has the semantic basis of a class meaning.
Secondly, the article talks about the classification of the meaning of the proper noun class. Based on the analysis of the corpus in Chinese and English, this paper divides its class meaning into six categories according to the relationship between the proper noun and the referential object: the object - characteristic class meaning, the producer - Product Type meaning, the origin - Product Type meaning, the place name - time type meaning, the place name - the institutional index Meaning and control type refer to meaning. These categories refer to certain contexts (including cultural context and situational context) factors. In these six categories, some are mainly influenced by cultural context, some are mainly affected by situational context, and some include the influence of the two contexts to realize the meaning of the class meaning.
Based on the above analysis, this paper uses the metonymy theory of Radden and Kovesces as the theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of its generation. In the meaning of the characteristic class, there are two categories of Metonymy in the cognitive model of characteristic idealization; in the producer product category meaning, the metonymy in a product idealized cognitive model occurs; the origin product category refers to the metonymy. Meaning goes through another type of Metonymy in the idealized cognitive model of a product; in the geographical name and event class, the geographical name and the category member idealized cognitive model each experience a metonymy, the geographical name and the institutional meaning experience metonymy in the idealized cognitive model of a geographical position; the control type refers to the sense in the control theory. There is a metonymy in the cognitive model.
This article is composed of five chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction of this article, which provides a full view of the whole thesis, including the scope of the study, the necessity of the research, the research issues, the purpose of the research, the method of research and the collection of the corpus.
The second chapter is the literature review. It reviews the research on the proper nouns from different angles and the related research on the meaning of class meaning. It affirms their research, points out the shortcomings and the new meaning of this study.
The third chapter is the part of the theoretical framework. First, the semantic basis of the meaning of proper nouns is explained based on the conceptual semantics of Jackendoff, and then the theoretical framework of this study, namely, the metonymy theory, is put forward.
The fourth chapter is the classification and cognitive interpretation of the meaning of the proper names. According to the relationship between the proper noun and its referential object, the class meaning is classified and the mechanism of its generation is explained in detail according to the metonymy theory.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion of this paper, summarizing the findings and limitations of the study.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H313

【参考文献】