南方汉语幼儿元音格局习得的声学研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 05:17

本文选题：声学特征 + 元音格局　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文对两名0；9-2；0月龄南方汉语男童进行纵向跟踪调查研究,目的一是探究妈妈语(motherese)与儿童元音格局发展的关系,二是为南方汉语儿童元音格局习得提供系统的证据,验证早期交互假说,探索语言环境对儿童元音格局发展的作用。其研究意义是：一、该研究涵盖了对0；9-2；0月龄幼儿元音共振峰模式的研究；二、亮明幼儿元音习得的过程；三、填补了幼儿元音格局习得研究的空白。本文具体探讨以下三个问题： 1.南方汉语幼儿元音的第一和第二共振峰的变化趋势是怎样的? 2.南方汉语幼儿的元音格局呈现什么样的声学特征? 3.妈妈语对幼儿的元音格局习得有何影响? 受试者是两名0；9-2；0月龄长沙普通话幼儿(XZ, LY)与其妈妈。他们均为独生子女,智力,听力和语言能力正常。在家中,南方汉语是他们主要的日常交流语言。录音和摄像几乎每周进行一次,每次持续50-60分钟。摄像机型号是SONY ICD-SX35,录音笔型号为SONY ICD-SX35。录音和摄像均在自然状态下完成。父母亲在录音,摄像过程中与儿童进行语言交流。此研究中,每位受试者都有24次录音和摄像语料,XZ的妈妈在场次数为16次,LY的妈妈24次都在场。本研究语料取自六个年龄段,分别为：0；9,1；0,1；3,1；6,1；9,2；0。共有48个录音和摄像段,总共提取了984个元音,在XZ的发音中提取了404个元音,LY的580个。此外,我们还提取了两位妈妈在录音和摄像时段的出席率和后续单独录音中的语料,两位妈妈语料中提取的元音数同等,总共提取了276个元音。所有语料被导入电脑,通过Cool Edit Pro(2.1版本)把语料转换成音频格式,用Praat(5.1.37版本)对语音进行标注,所有语料均采用严式国际音标标注,然后使用脚本文件获取元音共振峰绝对值。本方向研究者对语音进行了标注,并由两名语言学专业的研究生进行核对,内部信度达96.75%,外部信度达91.05%。主要发现有： 1)幼儿元音共振峰值的变化都呈下降趋势,随着年龄的增长,幼儿元音的第一、第二共振峰差异越来越小。这一发现与Eguchi和Hirsh(1969)的发现一致。 2)元音格局的声学特征呈现不断扩张的特点,第一和第二共振峰在元音格局图中不断向边缘拓展。此外,两名幼儿在元音格局图中的拓展均向diffuse-grave方向拓展,而且向grave方向的拓展比diffuse方向的拓展更显著。 3)该研究支持了Boysson-Bardies等的早期交互假说,具体来说,妈妈与幼儿交流越频繁,幼儿漂向母语成人语言的进程越快。研究结果不支持独立假设。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a longitudinal follow-up study was carried out on two Southern Chinese boys aged from 9 to 2 months. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the mother language motheres) and the development of the vowel pattern of children, and to provide systematic evidence for the acquisition of the vowel pattern of Chinese children in southern China. To verify the early interaction hypothesis and explore the role of language environment in the development of vowel patterns in children. The significance of this study is as follows: first, this study covers the study of the resonant peak pattern of the vowel in children aged from 9 to 2 months; second, the acquisition process of the vowel is clearly defined; thirdly, it fills up the blank in the study of the acquisition of the vowel pattern. This paper discusses the following three issues: 1. What is the change trend of the first and second resonance peaks of Chinese vowels in southern China? 2. What acoustical characteristics does the vowel pattern of Southern Chinese children have? 3. What effect does mother's language have on the acquisition of vowel patterns? The subjects were two 0-month-old Changsha mandarin children (XZ, LY) and their mothers. They are all only children with normal intelligence, hearing and language abilities. At home, Southern Chinese is their main language of daily communication. Recording and video recording are conducted almost once a week, each time lasting 50-60 minutes. The camera model is SONY ICD-SX35 and the recording pen model is SONY ICD-SX35. Recording and video recording are completed in a natural state. Parents communicate with their children during recording and video recording. In this study, each participant had 24 recordings and video recordings of XZ's mother present 16 times and LY's mother 24 times present. The data of this study were taken from six age groups, namely: 1 / 0 / 9 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 A total of 48 recording and video segments were extracted, totally 984 vowels were extracted, and 580 of 404 vowels LY were extracted from XZ pronunciation. In addition, we also extracted the attendance rate of two mothers in the recording and video recording period and the following individual recording data. The vowels extracted from the two mothers' corpus were the same, and a total of 276 vowels were extracted. All the data are imported into computer, and the data are converted into audio format by Cool Edit Pro(2.1 version. The voice is annotated with Praat(5.1.37 version. All the corpus is annotated with strict international phonetic alphabet, and then the absolute value of vowel resonance peak is obtained by script file. The phonetic tagging was carried out by the direction researchers and checked by two postgraduates majoring in linguistics. The internal reliability was 96.75 and the external reliability was 91.05%. The main findings are: 1) the variation of vowel resonance peak in young children showed a downward trend. With the increase of age, the difference between the first and second resonance peaks of vowels became smaller and smaller. This finding is consistent with that found by Eguchi and Hirshen (1969). 2) the acoustical characteristics of vowel pattern are constantly expanding, and the first and second resonance peaks extend to the edge in the vowel pattern map. In addition, the expansion of the two children in the vowel pattern map both extended to the direction of diffuse-grave, and the expansion to the direction of grave was more significant than that of the direction of diffuse. 3) this study supports the early interaction hypothesis of Boysson-Bardies et al. Specifically, the more frequent communication between mother and child, the faster the process of children drifting to native adult language. The results do not support the independent hypothesis.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H193.1

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