从非语言交际视角看中法文化之差异

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:43

本文选题：跨文化交际 + 非语言交际　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在全球一体化的背景下,国际之间交往广度和深度不断提升,不同文化间相互渗透和影响越来越广泛,不同社会、文化以及不同地区的人们产生了相互交往的强烈愿望,然而,由于人们在文化取向、价值观念、社会规范、思维方式等方面的差异导致不同文化的人在交往时产生“咫尺天涯”之感,由此产生跨文化交际误解和失败的例子也屡见不鲜,所以对跨文化交际的研究也就越来越重要。人类交际有两种渠道：语言交际和非语言交际。然而在进行交际时,大多数人只注重语言交际,以为词语是传递和领悟信息的唯一途径,忽略了非语言行为的信息传递。事实上,在交际中我们身体的各个部分在无意识的情况下都会参与到交际中,交际对方不只是获取语言信息,更会从说话者的手势、头部动作、身体动作、视线、语速、语调、面部表情等来获取信息,对人距离、周边环境以及对时间的认识等因素对交际效果也会产生很大影响。因此要想保证跨文化交际活动能够顺利进行,除了掌握不同国家的语言之外,了解不同国家之间的文化差异、理解其非语言行为也是十分必要的。中法两国分别可以代表中西方文化,受不同文化背景的影响,两国人民在思维方式、价值取向、行为准则等方面存在不少的文化差异,这使得两国在跨文化交际中各具特色,了解中法非语言交际的差异,对于进行跨文化交际的中国人避免与对方产生摩擦并取得良好的交际效果是有益的。本文以跨文化交际中非语言交际的理论为依据,采取定性的研究方法采访了在杭州工作的法国人(教师、学生、歌手、记者)和没有接触过中国文化的法国人,以此为语料在参考现有研究成果的基础上从非语言交际的几个方面(体态语、副语言、客体语、环境语)入手分析,并辅助以图表、数据、图片的方式直观地描述法国人非语言交际的特点,从中发现中国人和法国人非语言行为的异同,进一步发现隐藏在非语言行为背后的两国文化的差异,期望有助于中国人更加了解法兰西文化习俗,进而更好地进行跨文化交际,为中法两国人民交流的顺利进行以及中法两国关系的发展做出自己的一份贡献。
[Abstract]:In the context of global integration, the breadth and depth of international exchanges are constantly increasing, and intercultural interaction is becoming more and more widespread. People in different societies, cultures and different regions have strong aspirations to interact with each other, however, Due to the differences in cultural orientation, values, social norms, and ways of thinking, people of different cultures have a sense of "just around the corner" in their communication, and there are common examples of misunderstandings and failures in cross-cultural communication. Therefore, the study of cross-cultural communication is becoming more and more important. There are two channels of human communication: verbal communication and non-verbal communication. However, in communication, most people only pay attention to language communication, thinking that words are the only way to convey and comprehend information, ignoring the information transmission of non-verbal behavior. In fact, in communication, every part of our body is unconsciously involved in communication, not only in terms of verbal information, but also in terms of the speaker's gestures, head movements, body movements, line of sight, speed of speech, intonation. Facial expressions to obtain information, human distance, the surrounding environment and the understanding of time will also have a great impact on the communication effect. Therefore, in order to ensure that cross-cultural communication can be carried out smoothly, it is also necessary to understand the cultural differences among different countries and understand their non-linguistic behaviors, in addition to mastering the languages of different countries. China and France can represent Chinese and western cultures respectively. Influenced by different cultural backgrounds, there are many cultural differences in the way of thinking, value orientation and code of conduct between the two peoples, which makes the two countries have their own characteristics in cross-cultural communication. Understanding the differences between Chinese and French non-verbal communication is beneficial for the Chinese to avoid friction with each other and achieve good communication effect. Based on the theory of non-verbal communication in cross-cultural communication, this paper adopts a qualitative approach to interview French (teachers, students, singers, journalists) working in Hangzhou and French people who have not been exposed to Chinese culture. On the basis of reference to the existing research results, the corpus analyzes several aspects of non-verbal communication (body language, paralanguage, object language, environment language), and assists with charts and data. The method of picture intuitively describes the characteristics of French non-verbal communication, finds the similarities and differences between Chinese and French non-verbal behaviors, and further finds the cultural differences between the two countries hidden behind non-verbal behavior. It is expected that it will help the Chinese to better understand the cultural customs of France, and to make a contribution to the smooth exchange of Chinese and French people and the development of Sino-French relations.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H32;H126.3;G04

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