湖南常德方言中程度副词修饰动作动词现象考察

发布时间：2018-05-31 23:22

本文选题：程度副词 + 动作动词　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：常德方言中程度副词修饰动作动词是一种非常特殊的语法现象,在普通话和其他方言中这种现象极为少见。本文以小三角(表—里—值)理论为指导,对常德方言程度副词修饰动作动词现象进行考察。全文主要包括以下内容:一、绪论。简要介绍常德市及其方言概况;综述常德方言语法的研究现状;阐述本选题的研究内容、意义和理论方法;说明语料来源、发音合作人及体例符号。二、常德方言主要程度副词及其语法功能。根据常德方言程度副词修饰成分的不同将其分为:I类程度副词“最、太、更、格外、若干、怪、滴滴儿”;II类程度副词“歪”;III类程度副词包括“几多、蠢、骇[xe13]、些微”并说明“F+V/A”的句法功能。三、动作与程度。程度和动作分属两极,中间靠动量和时间来串联表示程度量,形成了动作→动量→时间→程度的序列。动作的程度是动作在时间维度和动量维度中表现出来的频度、力度、强度、幅度等量度,这是讨论程度副词修饰动作动词的基础。受程度副词修饰的动作动词具有共同的语义基础:持续义和程度义、无界义和状态义。四、常德方言“程度副词+V”的小三角分析。对“几多+V”和“蠢+V”的语表形式进行考察,并结合语表形式考察“几多+V”和“蠢+V”的语里意义、语义结构和语义指向,作到表里互印。在表里互印之后进一步考察“几多+V”和“蠢+V”的语用价值,包括遵循礼貌原则、语境功能、对比焦点的凸显功能、补偿功能、细节凸显功能、强烈的表情功能。五、常德方言中“几多+V”和“蠢+V”的差异。句法上的差异表现为持续体标记的使用及对动词持续性的限制,与否定词的组合及是否能重叠等方面。语义上的差异表现为程度义、否定义、劝说义三个方面。语用上的差异表现为是否具有反语的言外之意功能,是否具有对比焦点凸显功能及表情功能的强弱等方面。六、常德方言“F+V+的”中“的”字的性质。常德方言“F+V+的”中“的”字的性质主要有四种:第一种是表示动作持续和动作完成,读作[ti],称为“的1”;第二种是表示动作持续,读作[te],称为“的2”;第三种是表示程度加深,读作[te],称之“的3”;第四种是表示有……能力,读作[te],称为“的4”。七、“几多”的语法化。晋代,“几多”形成之初是疑问代词,只表疑问。进入唐代,“几多”得到了极大的发展,由只表疑问发展为兼表疑问和数量并存的局面。到了宋代,“几多”可以修饰名形兼类词和形容词,“几多”发展为表示性状程度高,最终成为了程度副词八、结语。对本文研究进行总结,归纳本文的主要观点与创新之处,并指出论文的不足之处和有待进一步研究的问题。
[Abstract]:It is a very special grammatical phenomenon to modify action verbs by adverbs of degree in Changde dialect, which is very rare in Mandarin and other dialects. Guided by the theory of small triangle, this paper investigates the phenomenon of modifying action verbs with adverbs of degree in Changde dialect. The full text mainly includes the following contents: first, introduction. This paper briefly introduces Changde City and its dialects, summarizes the present research situation of Changde dialect grammar, expounds the research content, significance and theoretical methods of this topic, and explains the source of corpus, pronunciation partner and style symbols. Second, the main degree adverbs and their grammatical functions in Changde dialect. According to the different modifiers of the degree adverbs in Changde dialect, they are divided into the most, too, more, especially, some, strange, Didi er "degree adverbs" of the degree adverb "skew" and "Ji-III" which include "how many, how stupid," Xe13, slightly "and explains the syntactic function of" F V / A ". Third, action and degree. The degree and action belong to the two poles, which are expressed in series by momentum and time, forming the sequence of action momentum and time. The degree of action is the measure of frequency, intensity, intensity and amplitude of action in the dimension of time and momentum, which is the basis of discussing the adverb of degree to modify the verb of action. The action verbs modified by degree adverbs have a common semantic basis: persistent meaning and degree meaning, unbounded meaning and state meaning. Fourth, the small triangle analysis of "degree adverb V" in Changde dialect. This paper makes an investigation of the forms of "how many V" and "stupid V", and explores the meaning, semantic structure and semantic direction of "how many V" and "stupid V". The pragmatic value of "quido V" and "stupid V" is further examined after the reciprocal printing between the two sides, including following the politeness principle, contextual function, contrast focus highlighting function, compensation function, detail highlighting function, and strong expression function. Fifth, the difference between "how many V" and "stupid V" in Changde dialect. Syntactic differences can be found in the following aspects: the use of persistent aspect markers, the restriction of verb persistence, the combination of negative words and the ability to overlap. The semantic differences are degree, definition and persuasion. The differences in pragmatics are as follows: whether it has the function of irony, whether it has the function of contrast focus highlight and the strength of expression function, and so on. Sixth, the character of "F V" in Changde dialect. There are four kinds of characters in "middle" of "F V" in Changde dialect: the first is to indicate the continuity of action and the completion of action, which is pronounced as [ti], called "1", and the second is to indicate that the action is continuous, pronounced as [te], and called "2 of action". The third is the degree of deepening, read [te], known as "3"; the fourth means there is. Ability, read [te], is called "4". Seventh, the grammaticalization of "how much". Jin Dynasty, "how much" formed at the beginning of the interrogative pronouns, only to express doubt. In the Tang Dynasty, "how many" got a great development, from only the appearance of doubt to the coexistence of the number and the situation. In the Song Dynasty, "how much" can modify both the name and form words and adjectives, "how much" developed to express the character degree is high, finally became the degree adverb eight, the conclusion. This paper summarizes the research, summarizes the main points and innovations of this paper, and points out the shortcomings of the paper and the problems to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H174

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