“七A八B”的非范畴化数词分析

发布时间：2018-06-13 05:20

本文选题：范畴化 + 认知语言学　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类从有数的概念开始数词便开始萌芽,最开始人类结绳记事。纵观全球来开,十进制是普遍被使用的进制不管文化背景如何不同。虽然五进制在其他语言中也可以找到,当数词仅仅是作为非主流而存在时。为什么基数词在形态句法方面会有名词和形容词两个性质?为什么数值的大小不同在词性上的体现会有不同?比如小倍数词会有形容词和名词的双重性质,而大的倍数词则更像名词?这些相关问题都在过去的数词研究有所讨论,在我国数词的研究起步较晚,二十世纪八十年代才开始,对数词的单独研究较少,多为研究由数词组成的词组或者结构,或者是简单地针对数词的词性进行分类。在过去现代汉语数词的研究认为数词是一个封闭的词类结构。由于受乔姆斯基语言学派的影响,学者们对数词的研究或多或少地显示出了其机械性。“七A八B”是一个惯用语存在于人们的生活之中,它包含了数词七,八,这两个数词有其自身的特点,以及和英语数词对比体现的差异性。作者希望可以管中窥豹,对中文的数词研究尽微薄之力。本文将从认知语言学的角度对数词进行分析,将运用到范畴化和非范畴化的相关理论。语言的意义研究脱离不了语言的演变,或许语言的范畴化研究可以给语言的演变研究提供出路,认知方面的创新最终导致语言方面的创新,数词的范畴化和非范畴化过程使得数词和其他词类的界限变地模糊,关于词类的模糊性,兰盖克在他的著作《认知语言学》中指出传统的词类划分过于僵硬,他不认为形容词,介词和副词属于不同的词类。兰盖克对词类的观点启发了作者对数词的重新的看法,乔姆斯基学派对“有形的语言现象”感兴趣,对如词义这些无形的词意变换和词性的模糊性却进行了有意无意的忽略!不仅如此,乔姆斯基整个学派对词义的变化解释也乏力。通过从认知语言学角度中的对数词的非范畴化分析,可以得出如下结论:数词作为一个特殊的词类是有其自身的特点,且在实际的语言使用过程中,数词有充当形容词,副词的角色。不管是数词词性的改变还是数词词义的变化,数词的非范畴化都是其诱因,词性变化和词义变化的过程都是渐进,而非一步到位的。且可以进步得出在语言的语义研究方面,认知语言学比乔姆斯基学派更胜一筹。
[Abstract]:Human beings begin to count from the concept of numerals began to sprout, the beginning of human knot notes. Throughout the world, decimal is widely used regardless of cultural background. Although pentadecimal can be found in other languages, when numerals exist only as non-mainstream. Why do cardinals have two properties: noun and adjective? Why are the values different in terms of part of speech? For example, small multiples have the dual nature of adjectives and nouns, while large multiples are more like nouns? These related problems have been discussed in the past numerals research. In our country, the study of numerals started relatively late, and only began in the 1980s. There are few separate studies on numerals, mostly for the study of phrases or structures composed of numerals. Or simply classify the parts of speech of numerals. In the past, the study of numerals in modern Chinese considered that numerals are a closed structure of parts of speech. Due to the influence of Chomsky school of language, numerals are more or less mechanically studied. "Seven A eight B" is an idiom that exists in people's lives. It contains numerals seven and eight. These two numerals have their own characteristics and the differences in comparison with English numerals. The author hopes to make a modest contribution to the study of Chinese numerals. This paper analyzes numerals from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and applies them to the relevant theories of categorization and de-categorization. The study of the meaning of language can not be separated from the evolution of language. Perhaps the study of categorization of language can provide a way out for the study of language evolution. The innovation in cognition leads to the innovation in language. The categorization and non-categorization of numerals make the boundaries between numerals and other parts of speech blurred. As for the fuzziness of parts of speech, Langaker points out in his book Cognitive Linguistics that the traditional classification of parts of speech is too rigid and he does not think of adjectives. Prepositions and adverbs belong to different parts of speech. Langaker's view on parts of speech inspired the author's rethinking of numerals. Chomsky school was interested in "tangible language phenomena", but ignored the intangible changes of word meaning and the ambiguity of part of speech. Not only that, Chomsky as a whole school of change in the meaning of the explanation is also weak. By analyzing the non-categorization of numerals from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, we can draw the following conclusions: numerals, as a special part of speech, have their own characteristics, and in the actual language use, numerals act as adjectives. The role of an adverb. Whether it is the change of the part of speech or the change of the meaning of the numeral, the de-categorization of the numeral is its inducement, and the process of the change of the part of speech and the meaning of the word is gradual, not in one step. It can be concluded that cognitive linguistics is superior to Chomsky school in the semantic study of language.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146.1

【参考文献】