古文《尚书》复合词研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:04

本文选题：古文《尚书》 + 复合词　；参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：今传本孔颖达注疏的《尚书》,其中二十五篇是伏生所传今文本中没有的,称为古文《尚书》,亦作“晚书”。阎若璩一派认定古文《尚书》为“伪作”,但也有学者诸如毛奇龄等为其正名,或持谨慎保留的态度。作为研究《尚书》的重要一部分,“晚书”二十五篇即使不是真正的孔壁古文,其在思想史、语言学史、历史学史等方面仍具有极其珍贵的学术价值。本文以复合词作为研究古文《尚书》语言的着手点,进行今古文《尚书》复合词的对比研究,力求展示古文《尚书》时期复合词的面貌及其特点。本文主要分为两个部分,第一部分为绪论。从古文《尚书》及其研究价值、《尚书》复合词研究现状、古文《尚书》复合词判定标准三个方面展开论述。古文《尚书》本身具有重要的研究价值,即使其不是真正的孔壁古文,但在史料的辑佚、华夏民族思想本源的探寻、语言学史的研究等方面仍具有重要意义。然而学界对《尚书》复合词研究基本局限于今文《尚书》,古文《尚书》复合词至今未见专书、专文探讨,本文着力弥补这一缺陷,并尝试进行今古文《尚书》复合词的对比研究。本文复合词的判定标准在借鉴前人关于复合词界定观点的基础上,结合古文《尚书》的语境,以意义、语法结构和修辞标准为主,辅以见次频率、句法结构等标准。第二部分为本论,共分为五章。第一章为古文《尚书》并列式复合词研究。从语义角度,对121个并列式复合词进行分类描写,分为三大类：同义联合、反义联合、相关联合,并就语素义和语义间的关系进行了类型划分：并合型、综合型、化合型。从词性角度,将构成复合词的两个语素A、B与复合词AB相较,得出结合前后语法性质相同的为多数,但也存在不一致的结论。这一时期并列式复合词特点主要表现为：构词方式的多样化、词义的丰富化以及词序的稳定化。第二章为古文《尚书》偏正式复合词研究。从语义角度,将192个偏正式复合词进行归纳,分为三类：第一类正语素是关于人或事物：第二类正语素是关于动作、行为；第三类正语素关于性质、状态。从词性角度,对古文《尚书》偏正式复合词研究,发现较今文《尚书》,名词的比例有了明显减少,形容词和动词有了明显的提高,这是伴随人类认知力的提高,迫切要求语言表达多样化的直观体现。这一时期偏正式复合词特点主要表现为：偏正语素结合关系复杂化以及词性结构方式的多样化。第三章为古文《尚书》其他结构复合词研究。动宾式共31例,先秦时期,动宾式多限于官名,在古文《尚书》则扩大到诸如“御事、成功、作书、班师”等一般的名词、动词。主谓式2例：“自满”“自尽”,“自”构成的主谓式复合词,其强大的构词能力在古文《尚书》中可见端倪。动补式2例,是能产力较弱的构词方式。第四章为古文《尚书》复合词成因研究。古文《尚书》复合词较今文在数量和种类上都有了明显的变化,究其原因,本文主要归为以下三个方面：一、精确表义的需要；二、结构紧缩的进一步发展；三、语流节拍和连文见义的需要。第五章为今古文《尚书》复合词对比研究。通过对今古文《尚书》复合词的构成和词性对比,发现：就词的构成而言,古文《尚书》复合词的构词方式较今文《尚书》有了进一步的丰富和发展,多种结构类型呈现积极增长的态势；就词性而言,古文《尚书》名词性复合词比例有所下降,形容词性和动词性复合词比例都呈上升趋势,并且古文《尚书》各词类来源较今文更为丰富、均衡,呈现出词类来源的多样性和均衡性。本文通过对古文《尚书》复合词进行穷尽性的统计、分析,并进行与今文《尚书》复合词的对比研究,希望引起对古文《尚书》研究应有的重视,并为汉语词汇史的发展研究提供一些语料和参考。
[Abstract]:This is the book of Kong Yingda's annotation of the present book, twenty-five of which are not in the present text of Fu Sheng. It is called the ancient text "the Shang book" and the "late book". In the late book, the twenty-five articles, even if not the true orifice, still have extremely valuable academic values in the history of thought, linguistics and history. This article is divided into two parts. The first part is the introduction. From the ancient prose, the book and its research value, the research status of the compound word in Shang Shu, the ancient text < Shang > compound word judgment standard three aspects. The ancient text < Shang shu > is of important research value, even if it is not the true orifice ancient text, but in historical material The study of the origin of the Chinese national thought and the study of the history of linguistics still has important significance. However, the study of the "Shang Shu" compound words in the academic circles is basically limited to the present book. In this paper, the judgment standard of the compound words is based on the predecessors' views on the definition of compound words, combining the context of ancient literature, the context of Shang Shu, the meaning, the grammatical structure and the rhetorical standard, and the standard of the secondary frequency and the syntactic structure. The second part is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the study of the paratactic compound words of the ancient text < Shang >. From the semantic point of view, 121 paratactic compound words are classified and divided into three categories: synonymy, antisense and correlation, and the relationship between morpheme meaning and semantic relationship is divided into two types: combined type, comprehensive type and combination type. From the part of speech, the two morphemes, A, B and compound word AB, are compared. The same grammatical nature is the same as the majority, but there are also inconsistent conclusions. The characteristics of the parallel compound words in this period are mainly characterized by the diversification of word formation, the enrichment of word meaning and the stabilization of the word order. The second chapter is the study of the formal compound words in the ancient text "Shang shu >". From the semantic point of view, the 192 partial compound words are summed up and divided into two parts. The three category: the first type of positive morpheme is about people or things: the second class of positive morphemes is about action, behavior, and behavior; the third types of positive morphemes are related to the nature and state. From the part of the word, the study of the ancient text < Shang > more formal compound words, found that the proportion of nouns has decreased obviously compared with the present book, and the adjectives and verbs have improved obviously, this is the companion. With the improvement of human cognition, there is an urgent demand for the visual expression of the diversity of language expression. The characteristics of the formal compound words in this period are mainly manifested in the complexity of the combination of the positive morphemes and the diversification of the way of the word structure. The third chapter is the study of the compound words of the ancient prose "Shang shu >", the 31 cases of the verb object type, the pre Qin period, the verb object type Limited to the official name, in the ancient text < Shang >, it has expanded to such general terms as "Royal, success, book, class teacher" and other general terms, verbs, 2 cases of subject predicate form: "complacent", "self exhausted" and "self" composed of subject predicate compound words, its powerful word formation ability is visible in the ancient text < Shang shu >. The verb complement is a weak productive word formation. Fourth chapters. For the study of the formation of the compound words of the ancient text, "Shang shu >", there are obvious changes in the number and type of the ancient text < Shang >. The main reasons are the following three aspects: first, the need for precise meaning; two, the further development of the structural contraction; three, the rhythm of the language and the need for the article to see the meaning of the text. The fifth chapter is the ancient prose < According to the composition and comparison of the compound words of the ancient Chinese prose, it is found that the composition of the words is more abundant and developed than the present book. The proportion of the adjectives and the verb compound words is on the rise, and the ancient text < Shang shu > is more abundant and balanced. It shows the diversity and balance of the source of words. The comparative study hopes to arouse attention in the study of ancient texts and provide some corpus and reference for the development of the history of Chinese lexicon.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H14

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