“反问”范畴的重新分析——基于“新言语行为分析”概念的讨论

发布时间：2018-06-21 21:42

本文选题：言语行为 + 语气　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：根据"新言语行为分析"的概念,反问是言语行为的一种。基于对言语行为的重新分类,可以发现,人类言语行为有"给予"和"索取"两大基本功能;根据索取目标的不同,向他人"索取动作"的为祈使行为,而向他人"索取信息"的行为就是询问;根据"索取信息"的不同则体现为疑问、揣问、考问和反问。反问的本质是"说话人在预设听话人认识与自己不一致的前提下,索取听话人对于说话人所提供命题的附和"的言语行为。由此可见,反问并不等于无疑而问,是询问而非陈述的一种,也是包含不确定性的,并不简单都是对于命题的否定,它也是可以甚至有时还是非常需要回答的。
[Abstract]:According to the concept of "New speech Act Analysis", rhetorical question is a kind of speech act. Based on the classification of speech acts, it can be found that human speech acts have two basic functions of "giving" and "taking". The behavior of "asking for information" from others is inquiry; according to the difference of "asking for information", it is embodied in doubt, questioning, questioning and counter-questioning. The essence of counterquestioning is the speech act of "the speaker acquires the addressee's agreement to the proposition provided by the speaker on the premise that the speaker does not agree with himself". From this we can see that counterquestioning is not equal to asking without doubt, it is a kind of questioning rather than a statement, and it also contains uncertainty. It is not simply the negation of propositions, and it can even be answered very much sometimes.
【作者单位】：韩山师范学院中文系;
【基金】：韩山师范学院2012年博士启动项目“基于言语行为的询问范畴研究”(项目批准号:QD20121107) 广东省哲学社会科学“十二五”规划2012年度学科共建项目“面向潮汕籍华人的国际汉语教育策略:基于语言情感、文化认同、社会需求调查的分析”(项目批准号:GD12XZ W07) 国家社科基金项目“突发事件政府应急话语技术与形象修复策略研究”(项目批准号:13C XW040)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H15

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