敦煌变文中“了”的语法化考察

发布时间：2018-06-23 05:52

本文选题：敦煌变文 + “了”　；参考：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：敦煌变文是研究唐五代时期汉语的重要史料,口语性强且时代确定,基本能准确反映当时汉语的情况。而唐五代时期上承魏晋,下接宋元,处于古代汉语向近代汉语的过渡阶段,也是近代汉语助词系统的初步形成时期。本文选取现代汉语助词系统中使用较多的动态助词“了”,全面考察“了”在《敦煌变文集》中的使用情况,以反映动态助词“了”在唐五代初步形成阶段的语法表现。对“了”在《敦煌变文集》中的语法化研究主要体现在以下四个方面：第一章是绪论,我们先对《敦煌变文集》的研究现状以及本文的研究方法进行了综述,然后对本文将要运用到的语法化动因和机制的相关理论进行了简单的介绍。第二章是文章的主体部分,对“了”在《敦煌变文集》中的分布情况展开了描写和分析。首先对“了”在文中出现的句式进行分类和描写,发现“了”主要出现在“动+(宾)+副+了”和“动+了”两种句式中,并且“了”的语法功能和意义会因不同句式和不同动词性质而不同。其次,对“了”从“谓语动词”、“补语动词”和“动态助词”三个层次进行语法化等级的分析,发现“了”在书中呈现出的共时语法化等级已经基本反映了“了”的历时语法化过程。最后,在上两节基础上对“了”的语法化过程进行了推导。第三章将“了”与书中的其他动态助词如“却”、“将”、“着”、“得”进行了对比,发现他们之间的共同处在于语法意义和功能在此时期都不确定,都反映了此时期助词系统形成过程中的动荡特征：“了”不同于其他动态助词之处在于“了”所处的句法格式和表达的语法功能都不如其他动态助词丰富,可见此时期“了”的语法化程度是低于其他动态助词的。第四章运用语法化的相关理论对“了”语法化等级产生的动因和机制进行了分析,得出“了”语法化等级的动因体现在句法位置、语义变化和语境语用三个方面,“了”主要的语法化机制为词义、语音的弱化和类推扩展两个机制。
[Abstract]:Dunhuang Bianwen is an important historical material for studying Chinese in the Tang and five dynasties. The oral language is strong and the time is determined, which can reflect the situation of Chinese at that time accurately. The period of Tang and five dynasties inherited the Wei and Jin dynasties, followed by Song and Yuan dynasties, and was in the transition stage from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese, which was also the initial forming period of modern Chinese auxiliary word system. This paper selects the dynamic auxiliary words used more frequently in the modern Chinese auxiliary word system, and makes a comprehensive investigation of the use of the dynamic auxiliary words in the Collection of Dunhuang Variations, in order to reflect the grammatical expression of the dynamic auxiliary words in the initial formation stage of the Tang and the five dynasties. The grammaticalization research in Dunhuang revised works is mainly reflected in the following four aspects: the first chapter is the introduction. First, we summarize the present research situation and the research methods of Dunhuang Variations. Then, this paper briefly introduces the relevant theories of grammaticalization motivation and mechanism. The second chapter is the main part of the article. First of all, the author classifies and describes the sentence patterns appearing in the text, and finds that "has" mainly appeared in the two kinds of sentence patterns: "verb (object) secondary" and "move". Moreover, the grammatical function and meaning of "Shi" will vary according to different sentence patterns and the nature of different verbs. Secondly, the grammaticalization levels of "predicate verb", "complement verb" and "dynamic auxiliary" are analyzed. It is found that the synchronic grammaticalization level presented in the book basically reflects the diachronic grammaticalization process. Finally, on the basis of the above two sections, the grammaticalization process is deduced. In chapter 3, the author contrasts the "Shi" with other dynamic auxiliary words such as "Shi", "will", "Zai" and "de" in the book, and finds that the common point between them is that the grammatical meaning and function are uncertain in this period. They all reflect the turbulent characteristics in the forming process of auxiliary word system in this period. The difference between "Yi" and other dynamic auxiliary words is that the syntactic format and the grammatical function of expression are not as rich as those of other dynamic auxiliary words. It can be seen that the grammaticalization of this period is lower than that of other dynamic auxiliary words. Chapter four analyzes the motivation and mechanism of the grammaticalization by using the relevant theories of grammaticalization, and concludes that the motivation of the grammaticalization is embodied in three aspects: syntactic position, semantic change and contextual pragmatics. The main grammaticalization mechanisms are word meaning, phonetic weakening and analogy expansion.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I206.2;H141

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