“中国”、“中华民族”语义的历史生成

发布时间：2018-06-27 02:01

本文选题：中国 + 中华民族　；参考：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2012年06期

【摘要】："中国"、"中华民族"是当代两个普遍使用、耳熟能详的词语,它们的语义是在长期的历史发展中萌蘖而生、曲折流变、逐渐成形并最终确定。"中国"较早见于周代,初义为"中央之城",指代周天子所居京师,而与"四方"对称,后又衍化出诸夏列邦、国境之内、中等之国、中央之国等多种引申之义。"中国"作为与"外国"对等的国家概念,萌发于宋代。国体意义上的"中国"概念,是在与近代欧洲国家建立条约关系时正式出现。辛亥革命以后,"中国"先后作为"中华民国"和"中华人民共和国"的简称,以正式国名被国人共用,并为国际社会普遍承认。古汉语的"族"、"族类",是区分"内华夏、外夷狄"的旧式民族主义概念,而双音节的"民族"一词,乃是近代民族主义概念,以往多认为是从日本输入的。由"民族"与"中华"组合而成的复合词"中华民族"出于晚清,曾与"中国民族"同位并用。中华民族呈现的多元一体格局,它所包括的五十多个民族单位是多元,中华民族是一体。今天的"中华民族"是中国境内56个民族的总称,在多样性中保持强劲的凝聚力。
[Abstract]:"China" and "Chinese nation" are two commonly used and familiar words in the contemporary era. Their meaning is born in the long history of historical development, twists and turns, forming and ultimately determining. "China" was first seen in Zhou Dai, first meaning "the city of the central", referring to Zhou Tian Zi in the capital of Beijing, and with the "four sides", and then the derivatives of the Xia states. The concept of "China" as the national concept of "foreign" and the national concept of "foreign" in the Song Dynasty. The concept of "China" in the meaning of the state was formally appeared in the establishment of a treaty relationship with modern European countries. After the revolution of 1911, China was successively used as "the Republic of China" and "People's Republic of China". The "ethnic" and "ethnic" in ancient Chinese are the concept of the old nationalism that distinguishes the "inner Huaxia and the outside barbarians", while the double syllable "nationality" is the concept of modern nationalism, which is thought to be a combination of "nation" and "China". In the late Qing Dynasty, the word "Chinese nation" was used in the same position with the "Chinese nation". The Chinese nation presented a multiple integration pattern. The more than 50 ethnic units included are pluralistic and the Chinese nation is one. Today "the Chinese nation" is the general name of the 56 nationalities in China, and maintains strong cohesion in the diversity.
【作者单位】：武汉大学历史学院;
【分类号】：H13

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