汉语领主属宾句的语段理论研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 09:51

本文选题：领主属宾句 + 句法推导　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：领主属宾句是汉语中极具争议性的一个句型,从上个世纪50年代开始就受到学者们的广泛关注,但受限于当时的环境及传统语法的自身局限,对于这一句型的研究尚不彻底,许多问题没有得到解决。从90年代开始,这一问题再度引起了学者们的关注。截至目前为止,对于句首领有名词的解释主要有两种：第一种是移位说(Xu,1999; Han,2000; WenChen,2001),第二种是基础生成说(Zhu,2005, PanHan,2005)。第一种说法认为,领有名词是从隶属名词的定语位置移至句子的最前端,第二种说法认为领有名词是基础生成于句首位置,而非移位。对于领主属宾句的研究目前学者们仍有许多问题未达成一致意见,例如：表示名词所有格的“的”字问题,究竟是在领有名词提升的过程中被删除,还是“隐现”?隶属名词到底带的是什么格,是部分格、主格,还是宾格?领有名词是充当主语还是话题?这些问题,都是学者们反复争论,却又没有得出最终一致方案的。因此,本文试图以乔姆斯基最新提出的语段理论(Phase Theory)为理论框架,对领主属宾句进行研究。语段理论是对Minimalist Inquiries (MI)的进一步发展与阐释。Chomsky提出语段理论是为了强调语言研究的生物学属性。在语段理论中,句法运算是按照语段进行的(phase by phase)。一个语段推导完成后,这个语段的语域就要被提交,不能参与接下来的句法运算,这就是语段不可穿透性条件(phase impenetrability condition,简称PIC)。本文第一章将介绍理论框架,包括题元理论、格理论、语段理论及CP分裂假设。其中语段理论为本章的重点,包括语段的定义,其框架内的特征赋值与探针-目标关系,语段理论中最重要的语段不可穿透性条件(phase impenetrability condition/PIC)。第二章将介绍领主属宾句,包括其定义、语法特征及其特殊性,并对国内外学者对这一特殊句式的研究现状进行综述。第三章中是本文对领主属宾句的分析。首先,本文分析了目前学者们对领主属宾句的研究方法,并指出了其中所存在的问题；然后,本文基于Chomsky最新提出的语段理论对这一特殊句型的句法推导进行研究。本文认为,领有名词基础生成于话题的标志语位置。由于领主属宾句中的动词为非宾格动词,形成的VP不能构成语段,因此隶属名词与T通过远距离一致被T赋予主格。最后,本文指出了这种新的分析方法的优点。由于作者水平有限,本文有一定的局限性,即本文只分析了现代汉语中的领主属宾句,而没有考虑跨语言的差异,因此,相关问题需要得到更深入的研究。
[Abstract]:As a controversial sentence pattern in Chinese, the Lords' belonging to the object sentence has been widely concerned by scholars since the 1950s, but limited by the environment and the limitations of the traditional grammar, the study of this sentence pattern is not complete. Many problems have not been solved. Since the 1990 s, this problem has once again attracted the attention of scholars. Up to now, there are two main explanations for the noun of the head of sentence: the first is the shift theory (Xuang 1999; Hanzi 2000; Wen Chenwei 2001), and the second is the basic generation theory (Zhuan 2005, Pan Han 2005). The first is that the noun is transferred from the attributive position of the subordinate noun to the front of the sentence, and the second is that the noun is based on the first position of the sentence, not on the shift. There are still many problems on which scholars have not reached an agreement. For example, is the question of "the word" that indicates the noun possessive is deleted in the process of noun promotion, or is it "hidden"? What case is the subordinate noun, part of the case, subjective case, or object case? Does a noun serve as a subject or a topic? These problems, scholars have repeatedly argued, but did not arrive at a final agreement. Therefore, this paper attempts to use Chomsky's latest phase theory as the theoretical framework to study the Lords' subordinate object sentence. Segment Theory is a further development and interpretation of Minimalist inquiries (MI). Chomsky puts forward the Segment Theory to emphasize the biological properties of language research. In segmental theory, syntactic operation is a (phase by phase). That is carried out according to a segment. After the derivation of a segment, the register of the segment is submitted and cannot participate in the following syntactic operation. In the first chapter, we introduce the theoretical framework, including the theory of metafunctions, case theory, segment theory and CP splitting hypothesis. Segment theory is the focus of this chapter, including the definition of segment, the relationship between feature assignment and probe target in its framework, and the most important nonpenetrating condition of segment (phase impenetrability condition / PIC). In the second chapter, the author introduces the definition, grammatical features and particularity of the sentence, and summarizes the research status of this particular sentence at home and abroad. The third chapter is the analysis of the lord-object sentence in this paper. First of all, this paper analyzes the current research methods and points out the existing problems, and then, based on Chomsky's latest segment theory, studies the syntactic derivation of this particular sentence pattern. This paper holds that the noun is based on the position of the marker of the topic. Since the verb in the Lords' object sentence is a non-objective verb, the VP formed can not form a segment, so the subordinate noun and T are endowed with the subject case by T through a long distance. Finally, this paper points out the advantages of this new analytical method. Due to the limited level of the author, this paper has some limitations, that is, this paper only analyzes the Lords' genus and object sentences in modern Chinese, and does not consider the cross-linguistic differences. Therefore, the related problems need to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】