动词“打”的语义分析及其在二语教学中的偏误分析

发布时间：2018-07-03 12:43

本文选题：“打” + 义项　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中有很多意义复杂的单音节动词,如“搞”“打”等。其中,“打”字被普遍认为是义项泛化最多、用法最灵活的动词之一。本文浅析动词“打”的语义演变,分析其常用义、基本义等。对“打”字的意义根据其属性、用法等进行归纳,并总结了动词“打”的历时研究,包括了从东汉王延寿《梦赋》以来各代语言学家对于“打”字的主要研究结果。概括介绍了“打”字语义泛化现象及其原因。根据对于“打”字本身的语义及用法研究,分析对外汉语教学中第二语言学习者在学习“打”字时常见的偏误、偏误的不同类型及产生原因。再根据第二语言学习者容易产生错误的语境及原因提出“打”字的教学方法。本文主要分三大章节。第一章为绪论部分,该部分讨论了论文的选题价值和意义。现代汉语动词“打”字是现代汉语单音节动词中意义最多且语义泛化最严重的动词之一。在汉语作为第二语言教学课堂上,“打”是教学的难点所在。因此,需要对“打”字的词义进行系统的梳理和归纳、理清脉络,这将成为教学的基础。其次,论文综述了自东汉以来各代学者对于“打”字的研究成果。从东汉王延寿《梦赋》,到宋代欧阳修《归田录》对“打”的描述再到近代著名学者刘半农先生的《打雅》等等,总结提取前辈们的研究和理论成果。再次,对论文的研究方法、结构框架做了概括介绍。最后,提出了该论文所需解决的问题,这正是该论文的创新之处。文章在总结“打”字义项的基础上,结合汉语作为第二语言学习者的实际习得情况,对汉语教学提出建议。第二章为“打”字的语义分析部分,分为三点。第一点对“打”字词义的历时演变进行了大致的梳理。时间脉络主要根据“打”字变化较大的几个时代为主,分别是东汉、六朝时期、唐及宋元明清。列举了在各个历史时期,“打”字主要的意义演变。第二点为动词“打”的语义整理,主要对“打”的各义项进行归纳总结和分类,同时分析其动宾搭配。对“打”字的义项整理主要参考和根据《现代汉语词典》、《新华字典》、《现代汉语八百词》、《汉语大字典》等相关辞书和字典。列举了《现代汉语词典》中对“打”的义项整理,基本义项24个,并列出了常用搭配。另外参考《汉语大字典》、《现代汉语八百词》等对基本义项进行补充归纳,同时也参考了语料库的常用搭配。第三点在此基础上分析“打”的语义演变和泛化的原因。“打”字的语义虽然繁多但仍然有章可循。其语义结构复杂但有章。第三章在第二章对“打”字研究的基础之上,结合测试问卷的结果分析汉语作为第二语言学习者在学习使用“打”字时最常出现的偏误并分析原因、归纳类型。为了补充笔者材料的不足和系统地了解第二语言学习者在学习使用“打”字上出现的问题和偏误。在本文写作之前,笔者根据《汉语教程》、《发展汉语》等对外汉语教学通用教材做了针对“打”字的测试问卷。该测试卷的测试对象主要为汉语初级、中级班来华学习汉语的外国留学生,问卷的试题主要包括跟“打”字相关的选择、场景词汇选择、判断等三类题型和后续的做题心得和建议。本章节第一点即简单介绍了问卷的测试目的、问题设置、测试结果等内容。并根据对被测试者的后续采访对问卷的内容和结果做了部分调整,最后对测试结果进行分析。第二点在问卷的结果分析基础上结合自身教学经验提出汉语作为第二语言学习者在“打”字学习使用中最常出现的偏误,对最常见的偏误类型进行总结和原因分析,特别是第二语言学习者在测试卷中出现的偏误。第三点,在偏误分析的基础上对“打”字的教学方法提出一些建议。“打”字是现代汉语中出现率和利用率都很高的动词,第二语言学习者如能准确掌握“打”字的用法,可以说出和利用很多地道的中文表达。虽然“打”字仅仅是一个单音节动词,但如果学会对其的准确使用,“打”字产生的词组可以涵盖很多语言领域。因此,本文在对“打”字本身的义项及发展的研究基础上结合第二语言习得者的偏误分析,提出相应的教学建议,希望可以帮助更多汉语作为第二语言习得者“打”字的学习。本文的主要意义和作用在于分析“打”字的义项和发展,提出对外汉语教学课堂上的教学方法。帮助第二语言学习者学习使用动词“打”,使更多汉语作为第二语言学习者可以使用地道准确的汉语。
[Abstract]:There are many complicated monosyllabic verbs in modern Chinese, such as "making" and "playing". Among them, the word "beating" is generally regarded as one of the most flexible verbs and the most flexible verbs. This article analyses the semantic evolution of the verb "beating", analyzes its common meaning, basic meaning, etc.. It summarizes and summarizes the diachronic study of the verb "playing", including the main results of the study of "beating" from the various generations of linguists since the Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Yanshou < Meng Fu >. It summarizes the phenomenon and the reasons of the semantic generalization of the "beat" word. According to the study of the meaning and usage of the "beat" word itself, the second language in teaching Chinese as a foreign language is analyzed. It is said that the common errors of "beating", the different types of errors and the causes of the errors are made by the learners, and then the teaching methods of "beating" are put forward according to the errors of the second language learners.
The first chapter is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part. This part discusses the value and significance of the topic. The modern Chinese verb "hit" is one of the most significant verbs in the modern Chinese Monosyllabic Verbs and the most serious semantic generalization. In the Chinese language as the second language teaching class, "playing" is the difficulty of the teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically comb and sum up the meaning of the word "beat" and clarify the chores, which will be the basis of the teaching. Secondly, the paper summarizes the research achievements of the scholars of each generation since the Eastern Han Dynasty. From the East Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, Ou Yangxiu's description of "playing" to the famous scholar Liu Bannong in the modern times. This paper summarizes the research and theoretical achievements of the predecessors. Again, the paper gives a brief introduction to the research methods and structural framework of the paper. Finally, it puts forward the problems to be solved in this paper, which is the innovation of the paper. The article is based on the summary of the word meaning of "playing", and combines Chinese as a second language learner. The actual acquisition of Chinese teaching is proposed.
The second chapter is the semantic analysis part of the "beat" word, which is divided into three points. The first point is to sort out the diachronic evolution of the word meaning of "beat". The temporal vein is mainly based on the times of "beating", which are mainly the Eastern Han, the six dynasties, the Tang, the Song Yuan and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The second point is the semantic arrangement of the verb "beating". It mainly summarizes and classifies the various items of the "beat", and analyzes its verb and object collocation at the same time. It is the main reference to the meaning arrangement of the "beat" word and according to the modern Chinese dictionary, the Xinhua Dictionary, the modern Chinese eight hundred words, the Chinese big dictionary and other related dictionaries and dictionaries. In the modern Chinese dictionary, the meaning of "playing" is arranged and the basic meanings are 24, and the common collocations are listed. In addition, the basic meaning is supplemented with the reference to the Chinese dictionary, the modern Chinese eight hundred words and so on. At the same time, it also refers to the common collocation of the corpus. On this basis, the semantic evolution and generalization of the "beat" are analyzed on this basis. The reason is that although the meaning of the word "Da" is various, it still has its rules to follow. Its semantic structure is complex but has chapters.
The third chapter, on the basis of the second chapter, analyzes the most common errors of Chinese as a second language learner in learning and using the word "beating" on the basis of the results of the study of "beating", and analyzes the reasons and types. In order to supplement the deficiencies of the author's materials and systematically understand the learning and use of the second language learners in the use of "play". Before this article, the author made a test questionnaire aimed at "beating" in general teaching materials such as "Chinese course", "developing Chinese" and other Chinese teaching materials. The test volume of the test volume is mainly Chinese junior, intermediate class to Chinese foreign students to study Chinese. The first point of this chapter is to introduce the purpose of the test, the problem setting, the result of the test and so on. In this chapter, the contents and results of the questionnaire are partly adjusted according to the follow-up interview of the subjects. Finally, the test results are made. On the basis of the analysis of the results of the questionnaire, on the basis of the analysis of the results of the questionnaire, combined with his own teaching experience, we put forward the most frequent errors in the use of Chinese as a second language learner in the learning and use of "beating", and the most common types of errors are summarized and analyzed, especially the errors of the second linguistic learners in the test volume. Third points are in the second language. On the basis of error analysis, some suggestions are made on the teaching method of "beating". "Beating" is a verb with high rate and high utilization in modern Chinese. If second language learners can accurately grasp the usage of "beat" words, they can say and use many authentic Chinese tables. Although the word "beat" is only a monosyllabic movement But if you learn to use it accurately, the phrase "hit" can cover a lot of language fields. Therefore, on the basis of the study of the meaning and development of the "beat" word itself and the error analysis of the second language learners, this paper puts forward the corresponding teaching suggestions, hoping to help more Chinese as a second language acquisition. The learning of the word "beat".
The main significance and function of this article is to analyze the meaning and development of the "beat" word, and put forward the teaching methods in the classroom of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Help second language learners learn to use the verb "beat", so that more Chinese as the second language learners can use the authentic Chinese language.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

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