东北亚语言比较标记的类型学研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 16:49

本文选题：比较标记 + 语义地图　；参考：《北京大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：本文主要从类型学的角度对东北亚语言中的比较范畴进行了研究。根据比较句表达的语义范围,我们首先将比较范畴区分为差比范畴、及比范畴、平比范畴三类。然后,在参照世界语言比较范畴基准标记的来源的基础上,我们对东北亚地区语言的基准标记进行了具体的考察。就汉语而言,我们探讨了比较标记共时平面的义项分布,并且根据其分布勾画出各种语义地图。而通过这些语义地图,我们又试图说明三类比较标记到底各自与哪些义项产生了最密切的语义关联,当然,对于这种语义的演变和关联,我们又都从认知的角度对其关联机制进行了具体的解释,目的是为了说明某些义项之所以能够发展为比较标记的背后语义条件。就中国境内的少数民族语言而言,我们考察了各个语言中差比标记的来源,同样也对这些来源发展为差比标记的语义条件作出了认知的解释。就韩语和日语来说,我们以汉语作为参照,简要地考察了差比标记、及比标记、平比标记的特性和来源。并且在比较的视域下,对韩语和日语中这些标记在语义方面的特点、比较范畴的否定式进行了异同的分析。最后,我们还讨论了汉语中差比范畴与平比范畴之间的交叉现象,在这个基础上,进一步从类型学的角度对世界语言中差比范畴与平比范畴的(有无)标记性进行了跨语言的分类。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the comparative categories in Northeast Asian languages from the perspective of typology. According to the semantic scope of comparative sentence expression, we first divide the comparative category into three categories: difference ratio category, comparison category and equal comparison category. Then, on the basis of reference to the source of the reference marker of the world language comparison category, we make a specific investigation of the reference marker of the language in Northeast Asia. As far as Chinese is concerned, we discuss the meaning distribution of the comparative marker synchronic plane, and draw various semantic maps according to its distribution. And through these semantic maps, we try to explain which meanings each of the three comparative markers have the closest semantic correlation with, of course, for the evolution and association of this kind of semantics. We also explain the relevance mechanism from the perspective of cognition in order to explain the semantic conditions behind which some meanings can develop into comparative markers. As far as the minority languages in China are concerned, we have examined the sources of difference and ratio markers in each language, and we have also given a cognitive explanation of the semantic conditions under which these sources have developed into differential ratio markers. As far as Korean and Japanese are concerned, we use Chinese as a reference, and briefly investigate the characteristics and sources of difference marker, specific marker and equal ratio marker. From the perspective of comparison, the semantic characteristics of these markers in Korean and Japanese are analyzed, and the negative expressions of comparative category are analyzed. Finally, we discuss the cross phenomenon between the category of difference ratio and the category of equality ratio in Chinese, and on this basis, From the perspective of typology, this paper classifies the difference ratio category and the equality category in the world language.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H003

【参考文献】