南部吴语韵母的历史层次及其演变

发布时间：2018-07-05 02:03

本文选题：南部吴语 + 韵母　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来,历史层次分析法逐渐成为分析汉语方言历史演变的重要方法,并且不断得到学界关注,这都是源于汉语方言发展史观的转变,即从单一的直线发展观转变为层次与演变交织的发展观。这种新的汉语发展史观告诉我们,南方方言不断地受到各个时代中原标准语的影响,在共时音系中形成叠置。因此,我们首先需要析出方言的层次。南部吴语内部错综复杂,差异较大,虽有不少方言材料问世,但对本地区方言韵母的演变还缺乏系统的研究。因此,本文以南部吴语为研究对象,利用历史层次分析法分析、讨论上丽片、瓯江片和婺州片十九个方言点韵母的历史层次。具体是以中古十六摄为纲,逐一离析各韵在方言中的层次表现,并归纳各自的演变。文章也讨论了与层次分析相关的几个理论问题。第一,重新思考“文白异读是层次划分的利器”一语,我们认为文读是通过词汇且以音类为单位的相似借入,这种借入带有人的主观性,因此,某些音变形成的对立也会被误认为是文白层次。第二,高元音裂化形成的对立是音变的结果而非层次。一方面,无论是前裂化还是后裂化都是音变的自然现象；另一方面,高元音裂化以“词汇扩散”形式形成对立。第三,音变的结果是创新,层次的结果是趋同。高元音裂化在南部吴语三片有不同的语音表现,这是音变创新。第四,根据前面三条原则,讨论支、脂、之三韵的分合问题,与前人观点不同的是,我们认为支韵与脂之韵的区别是后来音变所产生的。第五,相同的层次特征能反映出不同的语音特征。以咸摄三四等为例指出无论是分立还是合流均是一个层次。第六,并不是所有因声母条件不同而出现的变体都是互补,有的是“假互补”,实为层次。全文可分为四大部分,共有19章。第一部分即第1章绪论。第二部分从第2章到第17章,以十六摄为纲讨论南部吴语各韵的层次,亦为本文的主体部分。第三部分即第18章,为专题研究,分别论述了吴语义乌方言入声的演变,婺州片吴语的第一人称代词和从覃谈寒桓四韵看台州片方言的归属。第四部分即第19章,讨论并总结了有关层次分析的几个重要问题。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has gradually become an important method of analyzing the historical evolution of Chinese dialects, and has been paid more and more attention by the academic circles, which are all due to the transformation of the view on the development of Chinese dialects. That is, from a single concept of linear development to the level and evolution of the interwoven concept of development. This new view of the history of Chinese development tells us that the Southern dialect is constantly influenced by the Central Plains Standard language of all times and overlay in the synchronic phonology. Therefore, we first need to separate out the level of dialects. Although there are many dialect materials, there is no systematic study on the evolution of the vowels of the local dialects. Therefore, this paper takes the southern Wu language as the research object, uses the historical analytic hierarchy process analysis, discusses the historical level of 19 dialect vowels in Shangli, Oujiang and Wuzhou. Specifically, taking the sixteen pictures of the middle ancient times as the outline, we separate each rhyme in dialects one by one, and summarize their evolution. Several theoretical problems related to AHP are also discussed. First, rethinking the term "Wen Bai Yuan read is a sharp weapon of hierarchical division". We think that text reading is borrowed through words and by similar borrowing in phonetic units, which is subjective, therefore, The opposition formed by some phonetic changes can also be mistaken for the level of writing and whiteness. Second, the antithesis of high vowel cracking is the result of sound change rather than hierarchy. On the one hand, both pre-cracking and post-cracking are natural phenomena of sound change; on the other hand, high-vowel cracking is opposites in the form of "word diffusion". Third, the result of sound change is innovation, and the result of hierarchy is convergence. The vowel cracking has different phonetic performance in the three pieces of Southern Wu language, which is the innovation of sound change. Fourthly, according to the first three principles, this paper discusses the division and combination of branch, fat and triple rhyme, which is different from previous views. We think that the difference between branch rhyme and Zhi rhyme is the result of later phonological change. Fifth, the same hierarchical features can reflect different phonetic features. Taking salty photography as an example, it is pointed out that both separation and confluence are one level. Sixth, not all variants due to different consonant conditions are complementary, and some are false complementary. The full text can be divided into four parts, a total of 19 chapters. The first part is the introduction of Chapter 1. The second part, from chapter 2 to chapter 17, discusses the different levels of rhyme in Southern Wu language, and it is also the main part of this paper. The third part, Chapter 18, is a special topic study, which discusses the evolution of the Wuyu Yiwu dialect, the first person pronoun of Wu dialect in Wuzhou, and the attribution of Taizhou dialect from the four rhymes of Qin and Hanghuan. The fourth part, chapter 19, discusses and summarizes some important problems of AHP.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H173

【参考文献】