特斯尼耶尔从属语法研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 16:26

本文选题：从属语法 + 内省法　；参考：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：句法是语言学的一个重要分支,语言学史上功能主义学派和结构主义学派分别从各自立场出发解释语法现象。前者以韩礼德建立的系统功能语法体系为代表,他的经典著作为《功能语法导论》；后者以乔姆斯基建立的转换生成语法为代表,他的标志性著作为《句法结构》。。特斯尼耶尔在《结构句法基础》④这本专著中也系统、全面地探讨了语言形式的一般规律,他不是绝对地从形式上总结句法规律,而是与语义功能结合在一起,这是他内省法内在要求。内省法告诉我们,语形由语义来决定,并反作用于语义：内省法揭示了联系是句法存在的根本原因,联系使得句子中每一个词有机的结合在一起,句法是词联系的线性次序,而理解是把线性次序上升为结构次序。特斯尼耶尔通过以涵盖语义成分的词类为基本单位研究出表示词类之间从属关系的树形结构,这种树形结构向我们展示了句子的一般规律：动词处于支配地位,其他词类直接或间接从属于它。而其中一些动词直接支配的词,特斯尼耶尔把它们看做是动词的‘价’。特斯尼耶尔认为句子从简单到复杂主要通过组合和转移机制：组合直接使句子变复杂,这是由于对句子‘量’的直接作用；而同样使句子变复杂的转移,却更强调对句子‘质’的影响。本人在英文语法研究的基础上发现两种语言之间的转换很大程度上受到语法形式的束缚,而要突破这种形式达到语义理解和翻译的目的就要回到特斯尼耶尔的内省法上去,即重新思考源语言和对象语言理解和表达的机制,并最终确定翻译过程中建构词类从属关系这样的‘中介语’的必要性。所以特斯尼耶尔从属语法思想符合我们真正翻译的基本过程。为了追寻特斯尼耶尔探索句法的历史步伐来把握其思想历程和找到更为丰富的句法知识以此服务于翻译实践的需要,本文从以下四个章节来展开论述：第一章首先介绍了从属语法产生的背景和该理论对现代语言学的影响。第二章详细阐述了特斯尼耶尔从属语法的理论中联系、组合、转移这三大核心概念,还有从中探索出的动词结规律和动词价的概念。第三章在理解这三大句法核心概念的基础上本文力图把其中一些理论知识应用于英汉互译：价的概念和转移机制应用于英汉翻译。把从属关系的树形结构和内省法应用于汉英翻译。第四章最后本文对一些学者对他的诘难作了说明和从形式化的角度对他的理论作了补充。
[Abstract]:Syntax is an important branch of linguistics. In the history of linguistics, functionalist schools and structuralist schools interpret grammatical phenomena from their respective standpoints. The former is represented by Halliday's system of systemic functional grammar, and his classic work is the introduction to functional Grammar, while the latter is represented by Chomsky's transformational generative grammar, and his iconic work is syntactic structure. Tessnier also systematically discusses the general rules of language form in his monograph, "structural Syntax fundamentals" 4. Instead of summing up syntactic rules in formal terms, he combines with semantic functions. This is the internal requirement of his introspection law. Introspection tells us that morphologies are determined by semantics and react to semantics: introspection reveals that connections are the root cause of syntactic existence, and that connections make every word in a sentence combine organically, and syntax is the linear order in which a word is connected. The understanding is to raise the linear order to the structural order. By taking parts of speech covering semantic elements as the basic unit, Tessnier studies the tree structure that represents the subordinate relationship between parts of speech. This tree structure shows us the general law of the sentence: the verb is in the dominant position. Other parts of speech are directly or indirectly subordinate to it. And some of the words that are directly dominated by verbs, Tusnier sees them as the 'valence' of verbs. Tessnier believes that sentences from simple to complex are mainly through combination and transfer mechanisms: combination directly complicates sentences, which is due to the direct effect on the 'quantity' of sentences; and the transfer that also complicates sentences. More emphasis is placed on the quality of the sentence. On the basis of the study of English grammar, I find that the conversion between two languages is bound by grammatical forms to a great extent, and if we want to break through this form to achieve the purpose of semantic understanding and translation, we should go back to Tessnier's introspection. That is, rethinking the understanding and expressing mechanism of source language and object language, and finally determining the necessity of constructing 'interlanguage' in the process of translation. So Tessnier's subordinate grammatical thought accords with the basic process of translation. In order to pursue Tessnier's historical step of exploring syntax to grasp his thought course and find more syntactic knowledge to serve the needs of translation practice. This paper discusses the following four chapters: the first chapter introduces the background of subordinate grammar and its influence on modern linguistics. In the second chapter, the relation, combination and transfer of Tessniel's subordinate grammar are discussed in detail, and the rules of verb knot and the concept of verb valence are also discussed. On the basis of understanding the three key syntactic concepts, the third chapter tries to apply some of the theoretical knowledge to English-Chinese translation: the concept of valence and the transfer mechanism are applied to English-Chinese translation. The tree structure of subordinate relation and introspection method are applied to C-E translation. In chapter 4, the author explains some scholars' heckling and complements his theory from a formal point of view.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H04;H315.9

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