关联理论下的谎言研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 15:36

【摘要】：谎言是一种以刻意隐瞒事实或提供自认为虚假信息来达到欺骗目的的言语，内容的虚假性和说谎者欺骗的目的性是谎言最重要的两个要素。运用关联理论中交际观、语境观、关联性等内容可以很好地阐释谎言生成和识别的过程。谎言交际中，说谎者刻意隐瞒了真实的交际意图，向受谎者传递与虚假交际意图对应的明示信息。而这个过程中有很多环节，如说谎者为了确保谎言成功，必须预设受谎者的推理能力并确定二人的共享语境，生成易于接受的没有破绽的新信息。这些环节是说谎者潜意识的过程，其中任何环节都会影响谎言的成败。预防谎言欺骗对于受谎者来说应该是最重要的。日常交际中，我们要注意关键语境信息的保护，防止关键语境信息泄露后被别有用心的人利用。言语交际中，如果一方怀疑另一方说谎，那么首先就要排查疑似说谎者真正的交际意图，并且不断扩充自己现有的语境信息，，为识别谎言提供更多的可能性。同时还可以利用其他有效的方式，帮助识别谎言。但是在实际言语交际过程中，并非所有的谎言都需要识别，很多谎言具有积极的语用功能，同时正确利用恶意性谎言也可以带来积极的效果。
[Abstract]:Lie is a kind of speech which deliberately conceals facts or provides false information to achieve the purpose of deception. The falsehood of content and the purpose of liar deception are the two most important elements of lies. The content of relevance theory, such as communicative view, context view and relevance theory, can explain the process of the generation and identification of lies. In the communication of lies, the liar deliberately conceals the real communicative intention and conveys the explicit information corresponding to the false communicative intention to the liar. In this process, for example, in order to ensure the success of the lie, the liar must presuppose the reasoning ability of the lie-recipient and determine the shared context of the two, so as to generate new information which is easy to accept. These are the subconscious processes of the liar, any of which can affect the success or failure of the lie. Prevention of deception should be the most important thing for the liar. In daily communication, we should pay attention to the protection of key context information and prevent it from being used by people with ulterior motives. In verbal communication, if one side suspects the other party is lying, the first thing is to investigate the true communicative intention of the suspected liar, and to constantly expand his existing context information to provide more possibilities for the identification of lies. There are also other effective ways to help identify lies. However, not all lies need to be recognized in actual verbal communication. Many lies have positive pragmatic functions, and the correct use of malicious lies can also bring positive effects.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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