现代汉语单音节足部动词语义语用研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 08:34

【摘要】：足部器官是人体器官中使用较为频繁的器官,所发出的动作是较为普遍的、常见的动作。本文以现代汉语单音节足部动词作为研究对象,结合实际的语料,对单音节足部动词的语义和语用特征进行系统的考察,共分为四个部分。绪论部分主要交代了本文的选题理由、研究意义、研究方法以及语料来源并确立的本文的研究范围,即二十七个单音节足部动词。第一章主要回顾了前人对足部动词的研究,分别从足部动词的定义、分类、语义、句式、隐喻和转喻等方面进行概述,从而寻找本文研究的突破口。第二章主要考察了单音节足部动词的语义特征。首先,根据语料的分析,并通过对句式的分析与转换,总结出单音节足部动词的语义范畴：[+自主性]、[+使用工具]、[+状变]、[+位移]、[+固定]；其次,将单音节足部动词分为意义相近的若干小类,从使用工具情况、动作的方式、动作的结果、动作涉及的对象等角度对单音节足部动词进行聚合描写,以尽量少的语义属性来区别每个成员,并总结出每个动词的语义特征；最后,根据朱晓亚对动词句模的描述,分析出单音节足部动词所构成的六大基干句模类型,并考察了每一个足部动词对基于句模的选择,由于每个足部动词的特点不同,所选择的基干句模有所差异。第三章主要考察了单音节足部动词的语用特征。首先,对单音节足部动词的修辞特征进行了分析,足部动词主要是描述动作的发生,在句中用作谓语,只用于拟人和夸张的修辞手法中；其次,通过大量语料的分析,我们发现单音节足部动词在语体分布上具有不平衡性,主要出现在文艺语体中,在政论语体、科技语体和公文语体都很少出现；最后,单音节足部动词也有其特有的隐喻特征,足部动词的隐喻和足部动作的运动方向密切相关,而在隐喻过程中,它们原本的语义特征或发生了改变,或减少后只剩下方向性特征。
[Abstract]:Foot organs are frequently used in human organs. This paper takes the monosyllabic foot verbs in modern Chinese as the object of study, combining with the actual corpus, makes a systematic investigation on the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of monosyllabic foot verbs, which are divided into four parts. The introduction mainly explains the reason, significance, method and source of this thesis, that is, twenty-seven monosyllabic foot verbs. The first chapter mainly reviews the previous researches on foot verbs, respectively from the definition, classification, semantics, sentence structure, metaphor and metonymy of foot verbs, so as to find a breakthrough in this study. Chapter two mainly studies the semantic features of monosyllabic foot verbs. Firstly, the semantic categories of monosyllabic foot verbs are summarized according to the analysis of the corpus and the analysis and transformation of sentence patterns: [autonomy], [use of tools], [shape change], [displacement], [fixed]; secondly, The monosyllabic foot verbs are divided into several subclasses with similar meanings. The monosyllabic foot verbs are described in aggregate form from the point of view of the use of tools, the way of action, the result of action and the objects involved in the action. Each member is distinguished with as few semantic attributes as possible, and the semantic characteristics of each verb are summed up. Finally, according to Zhu Xiaoya's description of the verb-sentence model, the six basic sentence patterns formed by monosyllabic foot verbs are analyzed. The choice of each foot verb based on sentence model is investigated. Because of the different characteristics of each foot verb, the basic sentence pattern is different. Chapter three mainly studies the pragmatic characteristics of monosyllabic foot verbs. Firstly, the rhetorical characteristics of monosyllabic foot verbs are analyzed. The foot verbs are mainly used to describe the occurrence of actions, which are used as predicates in sentences, only in personification and exaggeration. We find that the distribution of monosyllabic foot verbs is unbalanced, mainly in literary style, rarely in political style, scientific style and official style. Finally, monosyllabic foot verbs also have their unique metaphorical features. The metaphor of foot verbs is closely related to the direction of movement of foot actions. In the metaphorical process, their original semantic features have been changed or reduced, and only directional features have been left in the metaphorical process.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136

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