《人貌传》（Kiyafet-ul Beser）句法特征研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 11:07

【摘要】：察哈台维吾尔语是从14世纪中叶至20世纪初生活在西域-中亚地区的维吾尔族、乌孜别克族等操突厥语的诸民族共同使用过的语言。该语言对新疆及中亚各民族文化的发展起了不可否认的作用。使用该语言著述了文学、宗教、历史等有关各个领域的不少著作。虽然一部分著作因各种原因丢失,但还大部分珍贵的著作流传至今。对从14世纪中叶至20世纪的西域-中亚历史文化、语言文学、宗教信仰、民俗习惯进行研究具有非常重要的依据价值。察哈台维吾尔语作为古代维吾尔语的延伸,又是现代维吾尔语的前身,可以说它是在维吾尔语的发展过程中起到了承前启后的关键作用。我国学术界一般将察哈台维吾尔语的发展历程划分为三个阶段,即早期察哈台维吾尔语阶段、察哈台维吾尔语阶段、晚期察哈台维吾尔语阶段。本人研究的该文献属于晚期察哈台维吾尔语时期,此阶段的时间范围大约为17世纪初至20世纪初。这一时期的句法特点是在延续使用纳瓦依语言的同时,古代维吾尔语成分日趋减少,各地口语中的词汇及其语言的表达特点不同程度的渗透到察哈台维吾尔语中。在察哈台维吾尔语向现代维吾尔语演变过程中对文学语言的口语化起着举足轻重的作用,而这种变化特点在第三阶段表现得尤为显著。文献《人貌传》(Kiyafet-ul Beser)是东方民族学者们在性格学方面长期研究过程中探讨出的最典型的著作,也是研究察哈台维吾尔语的珍贵语言资料之一。它主要包括与心理学有关的内容,作者认为人的本性和体貌特征有密切的关系。本文献在心理学和人相学(Physiognomy)方面取得了很大的成就。通过人的脸色、身材、面颊、手脚、胡须、头发等20多种外貌来判断人的性格和心理状态,并能推断出人的不同种类。本人认为,通过研究这份文献,我们可以推断当时人们对心理学的观点和认识。至今文献《人貌传》(Kiyafet-ul Beser)句法特征的研究还属于空白阶段,因此研究本文献对研究察哈台维吾尔语的发展及其演变都具有重要研究价值。本文选择用察哈台维吾尔文抄写的文献《人貌传》为语言材料,重点简述该文献语言的词组和句子等主要句法特征。对此文献进行转写、翻译和编辑文献小词典是本文研究的重要一项。本文由绪论、正文、结论等三部分组成。正文分为三章。绪论部分主要介绍了文献的收藏情况、研究状况以及文献的研究意义等。第一章主要是文献《人貌传》的转写、原文叙述及翻译；从第二章开始研究文献的句法研究,即词组研究；第三章是句子分析；附录是小词典,也是本文的创新之处之一；结论部分主要指出了本文研究的突破点及其不足之处。
[Abstract]:From the middle of the 14th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Chahatai Uygur is a common language used by Uygur and Uzbek Turkic-speaking peoples living in the Western region and Central Asia. The language plays an undeniable role in the development of Xinjiang and Central Asian cultures. The language is used to write literature, religion, history, and other fields of work. Although some of the works were lost for various reasons, most of the valuable works have been handed down to this day. From the middle of the 14th century to the 20th century, the study on the history and culture, language and literature, religious belief and folk customs in the Western region of Central Asia is of great value. As an extension of the ancient Uygur language, Chahatai Uygur language is the predecessor of the modern Uygur language. It can be said that it plays a key role in the development of Uygur language. The development of Chahatai Uygur language is generally divided into three stages in the academic circles of our country, that is, the early Chahatai Uygur language stage and the late Chahatai Uygur language stage. The literature I studied belongs to the late Chahatai Uygur language period, which ranges from the beginning of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The syntactic feature of this period is that while using Navayi language, the components of ancient Uygur language are decreasing day by day, and the vocabulary and the expression characteristics of spoken language permeate the Chaha'tai Uygur language to varying degrees. The evolution of Chahatai Uygur language to modern Uygur language plays an important role in the colloquialization of literary language, and the characteristics of this change are especially remarkable in the third stage. Kiyafet-ul Beser is the most typical work of the oriental ethnologists in the long study of personality, and it is also one of the precious language materials for the study of Chahatai Uygur language. It mainly includes the contents related to psychology, and the author thinks that human nature and physical features are closely related. Great achievements have been made in the field of psychology and (Physiognomy). People's personality and mental state can be judged by their facial expression, figure, cheek, hands and feet, beard, hair and so on, and different kinds of people can be inferred. In my opinion, by studying this literature, we can infer people's view and understanding of psychology at that time. So far, the study of syntactic features of Kiyafet-ul Beser is still a blank stage, so the study of this paper is of great value to the study of the development and evolution of Chaha'tai Uygur language. This paper chooses Chahatai Uygur as the language material, focusing on the main syntactic features of the language, such as phrases and sentences. The translation, translation and editing of this document is an important part of this paper. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into three chapters. The introduction part mainly introduces the collection situation, the research situation and the research significance of the literature. The first chapter is mainly about the transliteration, the original narration and the translation of the literature, the second chapter is the syntactic research of the literature, namely, the phrase research, the third chapter is the sentence analysis, the appendix is the small dictionary, which is one of the innovations of this paper. The conclusion part mainly points out the breakthrough point and its deficiency of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H215

【共引文献】