汉语普通话声调的听感格局
发布时间：2018-08-01 15:08
【摘要】：语言中的音位是以母语者的听感为划分依据的,音素与音位之间并不是一一对应的关系。关于人类是如何完成音素与音位之间的对应,这是听觉感知实验希望解决的问题。目前听感实验常使用辨认实验和区分实验的方式进行研究。该实验是人工合成或半合成在某因素(如共振峰、音高、时长等)的参数上等步幅逐渐改变的连续统,请被试进行听感判断。 本文以普通话声调为研究对象。前人对普通话声调的研究多以单音节刺激音为听感单位,由于汉语声调音高的相对性这一特征,同时为减小单字中语调对音高的影响,本文的实验是在前人听觉感知实验的基础上,考察真实语言双字组词中的汉语普通话声调的听觉感知范畴。 实验选取两个不同调类对立的双音节词语对,按目标字(调类对立的音节)出现在双音节中的不同位置将词语对分为前字组(目标字在前)和后字组(目标字在后)；按参照字(双字组词对中声韵调完全一样的音节)的不同调类将词语对分为阴平组、阳平组、上声组、去声组。刺激音调域9st至19st；目标字是11个步长1st的刺激音组成的连续体；具体实验刺激音的半合成按照不同调类之间的听感实验而进行具体设置。通过进行辨认实验及区分实验,对辨认边界位置、边界宽度、最大辨认率、感知范畴、区分峰值和反应时等参数进行分析。 本文涉及的实验包括阴平-阳平之间、阴平-去声之间、阴平-上声之间、阳平-上声之间、去声-上声之间、不同时长、雷琴音与真词音对比的听感实验。 其中阴平-阳平实验确定了阴平调在起点位置的听感范畴、阴平-去声实验确定了阴平调在终点位置的听感范畴、阴平-上声实验确定了普通话两个平调之间调阶的听感范畴。本文在对这三个实验进行数据整理和结果概述的基础上,总结并分析了阴平调的听感范畴。 阳平-上声实验确定了上声调在终点位置的听感范畴、去声-上声实验确定了上声调在起点位置的听感范畴。结合阴平-上声实验结果,本文总结并分析了上声调的听感范畴。 同时,结合阴平-阳平实验确定的阳平调的起点位置听感范畴、阳平-上声实验确定的阳平调的终点位置听感范畴,总结阳平的听感范畴；结合阴平-去声实验确定的去声调的终点位置听感范畴、去声-上声实验确定的去声调的起点位置听感范畴,总结去声的听感范畴。 由此,我们对汉语普通话各调类的听感范畴有了大致的分析,由此总结了汉语普通话声调的听感格局。 除此之外,影响汉语声调听觉感知的因素,也是我们所关心的主要问题之一。 我们通过阴平-上声听感中时长因素作用研究的实验,分析了音高和时长因素对阴平-上声听感分界的影响。着重讨论了时长因素在普通话阴平调和上声调之间的听感上的影响作用,讨论仍然分前字对比组和后字对比组进行了分别分析,结果表明在前字组和后字组中时长因素的影响作用程度也有所不同。 我们还以阳平-上声的听感分界实验结果为例,从不同选词、不同被试性别、不同选项呈现顺序、不同刺激音播放顺序这几个方面的数据表现来分析不同外部因素对汉语普通话声调的听觉感知影响。 另外,我们以阳平-上声的实验为例,对雷琴刺激音与真词刺激音对比实验进行描述和分析。通过对在雷琴音基础上模拟汉语声调的刺激音的听感实验,对比控制了音强与音质因素后的雷琴音实验与之前的真词音实验的结果异同。希望能进一步总结普通话听感的影响因素,并发现更好的、可行的实验方法。 据此,我们对影响听觉感知的内部因素、外部语言因素及非语言学因素有了一定程度的了解。在此基础上,我们总结了汉语声调的听感影响因素。我们认为,除了音高因素之外,汉语普通话声调听感的影响因素还有很多,这些因素对不同调类间感知影响的程度也是各不相同的。
[Abstract]:The phonemes in the language are based on the hearing sense of the native speakers, and the relationship between phonemes and phonemes is not one-to-one. How does the human be complete the correspondence between phonemes and phonemes is the problem that the auditory perception experiment hopes to solve. The test is a continuum of artificial or semi-synthetic changes in the parameters of certain factors (such as formants, pitches, duration, etc.). The subjects are asked to make auditory judgments.
This paper studies the tone of Putonghua as an object of study. Most of the previous studies on the tone of Putonghua take monosyllabic stimulus sound as a listening unit. Due to the relativity of the pitch of Chinese tone, and to reduce the influence of intonation in the single word on the pitch, the experiment is on the basis of the previous auditory perception experiments. The category of auditory perception in the tone of Mandarin Chinese.
The experiment selects two different disyllabic words with different categories. According to the different positions of the target words (the opposite syllables), the words are divided into the front word group (the target word in front) and the post word group (the target word is after), and the words are divided according to the different classification of the reference word (the double word group is exactly the same syllables to the medium sound). For the Yin group, the Yang Ping group, the upper sound group and the sound removal group. The stimulus range 9ST to 19st; the target word is a continuum composed of 11 step length 1st stimulus sounds; the semi synthesis of the specific experimental stimulus sounds is set up in detail according to the listening experiment between different types of modulation. By the identification experiment and the distinction experiment, the boundary location, boundary width, and the width of the boundary are identified. The maximum recognition rate, perception category, peak value and reaction time were analyzed.
The experiments involved in this paper include the balance between yin and Yang Ping, between the Yin and the sound, between the Yin and the sound, between the Yang Ping and the sound, between the sound and the sound, between the sound and the sound, the different length of time, the contrast between the Lei Qin sound and the true word sound.
The Yin Ping and Yang Ping experiment determines the category of hearing sense in the starting position of the Yin Ping tone. The Yin Ping and the sound elimination experiment determines the audibility category of the Yin Ping tone at the terminal position. The Yin Ping and the sound experiment determines the listening sense category between the two tones of the Putonghua. Based on the data sorting and the summary of the three experiments, this paper summarizes the summary of the results. It also analyzes the category of hearing sense of Yin Ping tone.
In the experiment of Yang Ping and upper sound, the listening sense category of the tone at the terminal position is determined. The acoustic and upper sound experiment determines the auditory sense category of the top tone in the starting position.
At the same time, combined with the Yin Ping Yang Ping experiment to determine the starting position of Yangping tune, the hearing sense category of Yangping tone experiment is determined by Yang Ping and Shang Sheng experiment, and the category of hearing sense of Yangping is summed up. Sense category, summing up the sound of sound sense of the category.
Therefore, we have made a general analysis of the auditory categories of various tones in Putonghua, and thus summarized the auditory pattern of tones in Putonghua.
Besides, the factors that affect the perception of Chinese tones are also one of the main concerns.
We analyzed the influence of pitch and length factor on the boundary between the Yin and the sound and the hearing sense by the study of the effect of the time and long factors on the effect of the pitch and the length factors on the boundary between the Yin and the sound. The results show that the influence of time factor is different in the former and the latter.
We also take the results of the hearing sense demarcation experiment in Yang Ping and Shanghai as an example, and analyze the auditory perception of different external factors on the tone of Mandarin tones from different selection of words, different sexes, the order of different options and the sequence of different stimuli.
In addition, we describe and analyze the contrast experiment between the irritation sound and the real word stimulus sound in the experiment of Yang Ping and Shanghai, and compare the similarities and differences between the experiment of the thunder and the true words in the previous experiment, by comparing the hearing experiments of the stimulus sound that simulates the Chinese tone on the basis of the thunder sound. It can further summarize the influencing factors of Putonghua sense of hearing, and find better and feasible experimental methods.
On this basis, we have a certain degree of understanding of the internal factors, external language factors and non linguistic factors that affect auditory perception. On this basis, we summarize the influence factors of the tone of Chinese tones. We believe that there are many factors affecting the tone audible tone of Chinese Mandarin besides the pitch factors, which are different to different tones. The degree of inter class perception is also different.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H116.4
本文编号：2157967
[Abstract]:The phonemes in the language are based on the hearing sense of the native speakers, and the relationship between phonemes and phonemes is not one-to-one. How does the human be complete the correspondence between phonemes and phonemes is the problem that the auditory perception experiment hopes to solve. The test is a continuum of artificial or semi-synthetic changes in the parameters of certain factors (such as formants, pitches, duration, etc.). The subjects are asked to make auditory judgments.
This paper studies the tone of Putonghua as an object of study. Most of the previous studies on the tone of Putonghua take monosyllabic stimulus sound as a listening unit. Due to the relativity of the pitch of Chinese tone, and to reduce the influence of intonation in the single word on the pitch, the experiment is on the basis of the previous auditory perception experiments. The category of auditory perception in the tone of Mandarin Chinese.
The experiment selects two different disyllabic words with different categories. According to the different positions of the target words (the opposite syllables), the words are divided into the front word group (the target word in front) and the post word group (the target word is after), and the words are divided according to the different classification of the reference word (the double word group is exactly the same syllables to the medium sound). For the Yin group, the Yang Ping group, the upper sound group and the sound removal group. The stimulus range 9ST to 19st; the target word is a continuum composed of 11 step length 1st stimulus sounds; the semi synthesis of the specific experimental stimulus sounds is set up in detail according to the listening experiment between different types of modulation. By the identification experiment and the distinction experiment, the boundary location, boundary width, and the width of the boundary are identified. The maximum recognition rate, perception category, peak value and reaction time were analyzed.
The experiments involved in this paper include the balance between yin and Yang Ping, between the Yin and the sound, between the Yin and the sound, between the Yang Ping and the sound, between the sound and the sound, between the sound and the sound, the different length of time, the contrast between the Lei Qin sound and the true word sound.
The Yin Ping and Yang Ping experiment determines the category of hearing sense in the starting position of the Yin Ping tone. The Yin Ping and the sound elimination experiment determines the audibility category of the Yin Ping tone at the terminal position. The Yin Ping and the sound experiment determines the listening sense category between the two tones of the Putonghua. Based on the data sorting and the summary of the three experiments, this paper summarizes the summary of the results. It also analyzes the category of hearing sense of Yin Ping tone.
In the experiment of Yang Ping and upper sound, the listening sense category of the tone at the terminal position is determined. The acoustic and upper sound experiment determines the auditory sense category of the top tone in the starting position.
At the same time, combined with the Yin Ping Yang Ping experiment to determine the starting position of Yangping tune, the hearing sense category of Yangping tone experiment is determined by Yang Ping and Shang Sheng experiment, and the category of hearing sense of Yangping is summed up. Sense category, summing up the sound of sound sense of the category.
Therefore, we have made a general analysis of the auditory categories of various tones in Putonghua, and thus summarized the auditory pattern of tones in Putonghua.
Besides, the factors that affect the perception of Chinese tones are also one of the main concerns.
We analyzed the influence of pitch and length factor on the boundary between the Yin and the sound and the hearing sense by the study of the effect of the time and long factors on the effect of the pitch and the length factors on the boundary between the Yin and the sound. The results show that the influence of time factor is different in the former and the latter.
We also take the results of the hearing sense demarcation experiment in Yang Ping and Shanghai as an example, and analyze the auditory perception of different external factors on the tone of Mandarin tones from different selection of words, different sexes, the order of different options and the sequence of different stimuli.
In addition, we describe and analyze the contrast experiment between the irritation sound and the real word stimulus sound in the experiment of Yang Ping and Shanghai, and compare the similarities and differences between the experiment of the thunder and the true words in the previous experiment, by comparing the hearing experiments of the stimulus sound that simulates the Chinese tone on the basis of the thunder sound. It can further summarize the influencing factors of Putonghua sense of hearing, and find better and feasible experimental methods.
On this basis, we have a certain degree of understanding of the internal factors, external language factors and non linguistic factors that affect auditory perception. On this basis, we summarize the influence factors of the tone of Chinese tones. We believe that there are many factors affecting the tone audible tone of Chinese Mandarin besides the pitch factors, which are different to different tones. The degree of inter class perception is also different.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H116.4
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