从驴子句看语义学的动态发展

发布时间：2018-08-01 15:46

【摘要】：语言是人们沟通方式中最高效的。为了达到实际沟通目的，语言输出者的表述应该清晰明确，合乎情理并且易于理解。语言接受者应该对于该表述精确掌握，换言之就是说应该理解表述的意义。在语言学上，语义学就是对于语言意义的科学定义。从语义学诞生之日起，至今已经有超过一百年的历史了。二十世纪七十年代，语义学从语法研究的边缘领域变成了核心，也为以后的发展奠定了基础。在最开始的发展过程中，语言学家把语义学置于生成语法框架内进行研究，结果语义学被认为是缺乏规则性和合理性的学科，当然也没有在这一领域得到充分发展。二十世纪七十年代，理查德蒙太古经研究得出了一个基本理论，即“如何应用形式逻辑学来描述被改变的自然语言”。逻辑学家和语言学家们通过这一理论认识到了语义学在两大学科之间的联系。这一理论被定义为蒙太古语法，他也被称为逻辑语义学或形式语义学。这一理论回答了什么是句子真值以及其他的语义学中的核心问题。但是，由于受到乔姆斯基句法学的影响，蒙太古语法把有限制性的句子作为研究目标，因此经典的逻辑语义学是一种静态的语义学，它把有限制性的句子作为最大的研究单位。二十世纪八十年代，随着坎普和海姆以及其他语言学家在语义学领域的突破，语义学的整体研究形式发生了改变，人们的意识也随之进行了改变。没有动态的观念加入，回指结构的普遍使用仍然不能得到完美的解释。仅仅依靠可能世界的观念，，对于意义的理解是不彻底的。在动态语义学的范围内，意义被以“信息交替”的形式反映出来，是从一种信息形态到另一种信息形态的函数。动态的观点可以是被看作是一种新的研究方法的描述，这种方法对于语言现象的解释不但是先前所运用方法的一种继承，而且这种方法更加适用于像驴子句一样的回指结构。结合对以上理论的理解，本文以回指结构的经典形式驴子句为切入点，运用对比研究的手法分析了语义学的动态发展趋势。本论文由五个章节组成。第一章引言部分对本文的写作目的和写作意义进行了介绍。第二章文献综述部分在分析国内外理论研究的基础上，提出了本论文的中心主题。在第三章中我针对动态语义学和传统的形式语义学进行了对比研究，动态语义学的每个理论都从不同的角度有着自身对传统语义学补充、发展和突破。例如，话语分析理论以话语为基础对句子进行了一步一步的分析；情景语义学也突破了可能世界的限制，提出了语境的概念。在第四章中，我以每个动态语义学都不能回避的回指结构的代表驴子句为基础，对比分析了话语分析理论和情境语意学，指出了它们的相同点和不同点。最后在第五章中，我给出了结论。尽管动态语义学扩展了形式语意学的范围，但他仍然坚持原有的经典描述方法。所以，我的结论是动态语义学是形式语义学的继续发展。
[Abstract]:Language is the most efficient way of communication. In order to achieve practical communication, the expression of the language exporter should be clear, reasonable and easy to understand. The language receiver should grasp the expression accurately, in other words, it should understand the meaning of the expression. In the language, semantics is the section of the language meaning. Since the birth of semantics, it has been more than one hundred years since the birth of semantics. In 1970s, semantics became the core of the marginal field of grammatical research and laid the foundation for future development. In the beginning of the development, linguists put semantics into the framework of generative grammar to study the results. Semantics is considered to be a discipline lacking regularity and rationality, and of course, it has not been fully developed in this field.
In 1970s, Richard Montague studied a basic theory, "how to use formal logic to describe the changed natural language". Logics and linguists recognized the relationship between semantics and the two universities. This theory is defined as Montague Grammar, and he is also known. It is called logical semantics or formal semantics. This theory answers what is the true value of sentence and the core problem in other semantics. However, due to the influence of Chomsky's sentence law, Montague Grammar takes restrictive sentences as the research goal, so the classical logic semantics is a static semantics. Restrictive sentences are the largest research units.
In 1980s, with the breakthroughs of Camp and Heim and other linguists in the field of semantics, the overall form of semantics changed and the consciousness of the people changed. Without the dynamic idea, the general use of the anaphora structure still could not be explained perfectly. Only the possible world was dependent on the possible world. The concept of meaning is not completely understood. Within the scope of dynamic semantics, meaning is reflected in the form of "information alternation". It is a function from one form of information to another. The dynamic view can be regarded as a description of a new method of research, which is interpreted in the interpretation of language phenomena. It is not only a succession of the methods previously used, but also more suitable for anaphoric structures like donkey sentences.
Based on the understanding of the above theory, this paper analyzes the dynamic trend of semantics with the use of contrastive research in the classical donkey sentence of anaphora structure. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of this paper. The second chapter is an analysis of the literature review. On the basis of theoretical research at home and abroad, the central theme of this paper is put forward. In the third chapter, I contrastive study of dynamic semantics and traditional formal semantics. Every theory of dynamic semantics has its own complement, development and breakthrough in traditional semantics from different angles. For example, discourse analysis theory takes discourse as a theory. In the fourth chapter, in the fourth chapter, I compare and analyze the theory of discourse analysis and situational semantics, and point out their similarities. Finally, in the fifth chapter, I give a conclusion. Although dynamic semantics extends the scope of formal semantics, he still persists in the original method of description. Therefore, my conclusion is that dynamic semantics is the continuous development of formal semantics.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030

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