上古汉语名源动词研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 18:37

【摘要】：名词和动词之间的转化,在上古汉语里是一种常见的语言现象。一般而言,都认为是词类活用。这种现象很早就引起了学者们的注意。这方面的研究成果也非常丰富。本文以上古汉语中从名词转化而来的动词为研究对象。采用菲尔墨的格语法理论,根据名词在句中所处的格角色,从而划分转化后的动词类型。在这方面,产生比较深远影响的是Eve V. Clark; Herbert H. Clark(1979)的研究。他们把转化为动词的名词称作起源名词(parent nouns/source nouns);把转化后的动词称作名源动词(denominal verbs)。根据起源名词在句中格角色的不同,把名源动词分为九类,分别是：位移动词(Locatum verbs)、方位动词(Location verbs)、持续动词(Duration verbs);施事动词(Agent verbs)、感受者动词(experiencer verbs);终点动词(Gole verbs)、源点动词(Source verbs);工具动词(Instrument verbs);混杂类动词(Miscellaneous verbs)。本文广泛调查了上古几十种语料,这些语料以先秦时期的为主,以两汉时期的为辅。根据我们的研究,在上古汉语中只有六类：即位移动词,方位动词,施事动词,终点动词,工具动词,还有混杂类动词中的元素类。本文在各类别中,分别列举典型例证,并且作了一定的分析。紧接着探讨了各类型名源动词的层级性,认为上古汉语名源动词的层级与现代汉语不同,并且分析了原因。最后还谈了各类别之间的关系,比如说施事动词与终点动词有时会出现兼类的情况。这种兼类实质体现的是施受关系的转变。
[Abstract]:The transformation between nouns and verbs is a common linguistic phenomenon in ancient Chinese. In general, it is believed that parts of speech are useful. This phenomenon has long attracted the attention of scholars. This aspect of research results are also very rich. In this paper, the verbs transformed from nouns in ancient Chinese are studied. According to the case grammar theory of Phyllmer, the transformed verb is classified according to the role of noun in the sentence. In this regard, the more far-reaching impact of the Eve V. Clark; Herbert H. Clark (1979). They call the nouns that have been transformed into verbs as the noun of origin. (parent nouns/source nouns); the transformed verb is called the noun source verb (denominal verbs). According to the different roles of the noun in the sentence, the noun source verbs are divided into nine categories. They are: displacement verb (Locatum verbs), orientation verb (Location verbs), continuous verb (Duration verbs); agent verb (Agent verbs), acceptor verb (experiencer verbs); end verb (Gole verbs), source verb (Source verbs); tool verb (Instrument verbs); hybrid verb (Miscellaneous verbs). This paper investigates dozens of ancient Chinese corpus, mainly in the pre-Qin period, supplemented by the Han Dynasty. According to our research, there are only six kinds of verbs in ancient Chinese: displacement verb, azimuth verb, agent verb, terminal verb, tool verb, and element class in hybrid verb. In each category, this paper enumerates the typical examples and makes some analysis. Then it discusses the hierarchical nature of each type of noun source verb, and points out that the hierarchy of noun source verb in ancient Chinese is different from that in modern Chinese, and the reasons are analyzed. Finally, the relationship between different types is discussed, such as the occurrence of both the agent verb and the terminal verb. The essence of this kind is the transformation of the relationship between giving and receiving.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H141

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