现代汉语有标条件复句研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 18:04

【摘要】：与其它领域的研究相比，复句的研究成果相对较少，已有的研究成果多集中在复句类别的研究、关联词语的研究、特定格式的研究、条件复句的比较研究和应用研究等几个方面，总的来看复句的研究稍显单薄，新的理论引入的比较少，描写的也不够充分。鉴于这种现状，本文拟对现代汉语有标条件复句从篇章、句法语义等方面进行全方位的研究。全文主体内容共分为七个章节：第一章：绪论。扼要介绍本文的选题意义及依据、研究对象、运用的理论、研究方法以及语料的来源等问题。第二章：文献综述。汉语复句的研究源远流长，古往今来成果斐然。我们主要从条件复句分类和归类问题的研究、条件复句关联词语的研究、条件复句相关格式的研究、条件复句的比较研究和应用研究几个方面对其成果进行了总结归纳，并指出了其中的优点及不足，同时探讨了条件复句的未来发展方向。第三章：汉语有标条件复句的语义----句法系统。句法特征方面，我们主要从两个角度进行阐释，一是汉语有标条件复句的句法结构。从结构上看，汉语有标条件复句的必有成分包括两部分，一部分是标志词，主要用来引导复句；另一部分是被引导成分。二是汉语有标条件复句与语气。这里我们采用胡明扬（1988）的观点，认为陈述、疑问、感叹、祈使四种语气组成了现代汉语的语气意义系统。这四种语气在汉语有标条件复句中都有相应的体现。语义系统方面，我们主要讨论了有标条件复句的逻辑语义基础、有标条件复句的类型和典型条件标记的条件强度三个问题。有标条件复句的逻辑语义基础是分句间的条件——结果关系及相关推理结构；关于有标条件复句的类型，从汉语的实际情况出发，我们认为黄伯荣、廖序东（1991）对条件复句的分类比较科学，即将其分为充分条件句、必要条件句和无条件句三类。典型条件标记“只要”“只有”“无论（不管）”的条件强度方面，主要涉及到以下几个问题：一是典型条件标记“只要”“只有”“无论（不管）”之间条件强度的等级序列式，我们将其记为：只有（除非）只要无论（不管）（“”表示“强于”）；典型条件标记的隐现对条件强度的影响；与条件标记搭配使用的副词的隐现对条件强度的影响；并从教学角度对典型条件标记中条件强度的教学提出了可操作性的建议。第四章：汉语有标条件复句的历时考察及相关分析。主要从历时的角度考察条件句产生和发展的轨迹。我们把有标条件复句的发展主要分为五个时期：上古、中古、近代、过渡时期和现代。通过对这五个时期的比较，总结有标条件复句产生和发展的轨迹及其特点，并简要分析其中的原因。第五章：汉语有标条件复句的篇章功能。本章主要包括以下几个内容：复句的篇章研究概述，主要涉及到结合篇章研究复句的必要性并说明复句篇章研究的现状。关于篇章中有标条件复句的分布，我们统计了有标条件复句在不同语体中（政论语体、事务语体、文艺语体、科技语体）的分布情况，并对其分布不均衡的原因进行了扼要说明。篇章中有标条件复句和其他句子的逻辑联系，主要有并列、承接、转折、条件、因果等几种。篇章中有标条件复句的连贯作用主要表现在两个方面，一是推动篇章发展，作为始发句时可以成为篇章话题或背景话题，从而推动篇章发展；作为后续句时可以延续话题或转换话题，，从而推动篇章发展。这里主要以修辞结构理论为依托，具体分析其推动篇章发展的过程；二是承接上文，结束全篇，这主要指作为终止句的有标条件复句出现在篇章结尾的情况。第六章：篇章中有标条件复句的表述功能。篇章中有标条件复句的表述功能主要表现在两大方面，一是客观表述功能，主要和说明、描写、叙述相关；二是主观表述功能，主要和议论相关。是说话人就某个对象或问题发表见解，表明观点、立场、态度等，通常都是说话人的主观认识，在句法上的主要表现形式就是情态动词和情态副词的运用。通过对自然语料的分析我们提出了有标条件复句主观性的量级序列。另外，有些有标条件复句的表述功能需要结合具体语境才能做出确切的判断。第七章：结语。对全文的主要内容和创新点进行总结归纳，指出缺点和不足以及因时间问题没有来得及展开讨论的一些问题。
[Abstract]:Comparing with other research fields, the research results of complex sentences are relatively few. The existing research results mainly focus on the category of complex sentences, the study of correlative words, the study of specific formats, the comparative study and application of conditional complex sentences. In view of this situation, this paper intends to study the marked conditional complex sentence in modern Chinese from the aspects of text, syntax and semantics.
Chapter One: Introduction. It briefly introduces the significance and basis of the topic, the object of study, the theories used, the research methods and the sources of the corpus.
Chapter 2: Literature review. The study of Chinese complex sentences has a long history and has made outstanding achievements from ancient and modern times. The advantages and disadvantages are pointed out, and the future development direction of conditional complex sentence is also discussed.
Chapter 3: Semantic - syntactic system of Chinese marked conditional complex sentences. In terms of syntactic features, we mainly explain the syntactic structure of Chinese marked conditional complex sentences from two perspectives. Here we adopt the viewpoint of Hu Mingyang (1988) that the four moods of statement, question, exclamation and imperative constitute the modal meaning system of modern Chinese. The logical and semantic basis of marked conditional complex sentences, the types of marked conditional complex sentences and the conditional strength of typical conditional markers are discussed. Bo Rong and Liao Xudong (1991) classify conditional complex sentences scientifically, that is, they are divided into three types: sufficient conditional sentences, necessary conditional sentences and unconditional sentences. Regardless of the grading of conditional strength between (regardless), we note that only (unless) as long as (no matter) ("" means "stronger"); the influence of the presence of typical conditional markers on conditional strength; the influence of the presence of adverbs used in conjunction with conditional markers on conditional strength; and from the teaching point of view on the typical conditions. The teaching of conditional strength in labelled puts forward some operable suggestions.
Chapter Four: The diachronic investigation and related analysis of the marked conditional complex sentence in Chinese, mainly from the diachronic point of view, examines the origin and development of the conditional sentence.We divide the development of the marked conditional complex sentence into five periods: ancient, medieval, modern, transitional and modern.By comparing these five periods, we summarize the production of the marked conditional complex sentence. The track and characteristics of life and development, and briefly analyze the reasons.
Chapter Five: Textual Functions of Chinese Marked Conditional Complex Sentences. This chapter mainly includes the following contents: a summary of textual research on complex sentences, mainly involving the necessity of combining textual research on complex sentences and explaining the status quo of textual research on complex sentences. The distribution of Chinese (political, transactional, literary and artistic, scientific and technological) and the reasons for its unbalanced distribution are briefly explained. The first is to promote the development of the text, which can become the topic of the text or the background topic at the beginning of the sentence, so as to promote the development of the text. In conclusion, the whole sentence refers to the fact that the complex conditional clause with a conditional condition as the ending sentence appears at the end of the text.
Chapter Six: The expressive function of the marked conditional complex sentence in a text. The expressive function of the marked conditional complex sentence in a text is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the objective expressive function, mainly related to explanation, description and narration; the other is the subjective expressive function, mainly related to argument. Stances, attitudes, etc. are usually subjective perceptions of the speaker, and the main syntactic forms are the use of modal verbs and adverbs. Make a definite judgement.
Chapter 7: Conclusion. Summarizes the main contents and innovations of the full text, points out the shortcomings and inadequacies and some problems that have not been discussed due to the time problem.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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