《说文解字》部首次第研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 19:22

【摘要】：许慎在编撰《说文解字》时，从9353个字形中分析其构形，按照义类归纳出540部，然后各部选一个字形来统领各自大义类的字，称为“部首”，比如跟水相关的汉字归属“水”部，跟狩猎有关的汉字归属“犬”部，跟动作相关的汉字归属“手”部等，条理清晰，纲举目张，，这是汉字研究史上的伟大创举。许慎将9353个汉字归纳成540部，逐一分析形体，解释字义，这540部字“近取诸身，远取诸物”，是对社会、自然状况全面观察的反映。可以分为六大类：人体类字97部、动物类字61部、植物类字31部、自然界类字37部、器用类字180部、数目类字34部。许慎所创造的分部首列字、检字、析字的方法，规律性、系统性、实用性都很强，成为历代辞书的通例，至今仍然如此。许慎对这540部首的编排做了精心地设计，本文就着重探讨了这540部首排序的问题。本文共分为四章，第一章对《说文解字》和这540部首做了简要介绍，许慎虽为古文经学家，但不可避免地受到东汉流行的易学谶纬观念的某些影响。所以第一章第三节简要介绍了《说文》一书的成书背景，也就是两汉的古今文之争对许慎的影响，而第四节则详尽地阐述了阴阳谶纬对部首编排的影响。第二章介绍了秦汉时期重要字书的字序，这些书对于许慎的部首编排是有所启发的。许慎整个《说文》的编排不论是部首还是属字都是煞费了苦心的，本文前两章试图从宏观的角度来说明《说文》部首的次第问题。第三章从各个微观的角度详细阐述了这540部首的编排情况，第四章则对部首的排序做了逐一地说明。最后一章是对整个论文的总结。
[Abstract]:When Xu Shen compiled Shuowen Jie Zi, he analyzed its configuration from 9353 characters and summed up 540 parts according to the category of meanings. Then each department selected a font to control the characters of their respective meanings, which were called "radicals." For example, the Chinese characters related to water belong to the "water" department, the Chinese characters related to hunting belong to the "dog" department, and the Chinese characters related to the movement belong to the "hand" department, which is a great pioneering undertaking in the history of Chinese character research. Xu Shen summed up 9353 Chinese characters into 540 parts, analyzed the body one by one, and explained the meaning of the characters. The 540 characters "take the body near and take the things far" are a reflection of the overall observation of the society and the natural situation. It can be divided into six categories: 97 human characters, 61 animal characters, 31 plant characters, 37 natural characters, 180 instrumental characters and 34 numerals. The method, regularity, systematicness and practicability created by Xu Shen to write, check and analyze characters have become the general rules of dictionaries of the past dynasties, and they are still so. Xu Shen carefully designed the arrangement of the 540 ministries. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces Shuo Wen Jie Zi and these 540 heads. Although Xu Shen is an ancient prose economist, he is inevitably influenced by the popular idea of Yi learning prophecy in the Eastern Han Dynasty. So the first chapter, the third section, briefly introduces the background of the book, that is, the influence of the ancient and modern texts of Han Dynasty on Xu Shen, and the fourth section elaborates the influence of Yin and Yang prophecies on the arrangement of the radical. The second chapter introduces the word order of the important characters in Qin and Han dynasties, which are enlightening for Xu Shen's radical arrangement. The arrangement of Xu Shen's whole "Shuo Wen" is painstaking, no matter the radical or the character. The first two chapters of this paper try to explain the second problem of "Shuowen" from a macroscopic angle. The third chapter elaborates the arrangement of the 540 parts from each microscopic angle, and the fourth chapter explains the order of the radical one by one. The last chapter is a summary of the whole paper.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H161

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