“词义透明度”对俄语区学生的汉语双字复合词习得影响
发布时间：2018-08-29 09:41
【摘要】：词汇教学在实际对外教学中占有重要地位。在汉语词汇中,双字合成词占绝大多数,无论是在语言学界、对外汉语教学界,还是心理学界,对汉语双字合成词的加工问题都有所研究。目前,语义透明度引起了研究者的兴趣,国内外已经有不少学者专家对语义透明度进行研究。然而目前词义透明度对于母语为俄语的学习者在本国学习汉语词汇的情况还很少有人调查研究。以往的调查研究都是在中国国内的留学生中进行,本文调查非汉语环境下母语为俄语学生的汉语词汇掌握情况,以此来分析“词义透明度”对俄语区学生的汉语双字复合词习得的影响。 本文在阅读国内外前人研究的基础上,通过语料分析和问卷调查,研究词义透明度对母语为俄语的学生习得汉语复合词有何影响,再根据其影响因素分别提出解决方案,以期更好地帮助学生习得汉语。 语料分析是搜集母语为俄语的学生的汉语作文来进行。我们统计分析了60篇作文,其中初、中、高级汉语水平各20篇,分析目的是学生对透明词和不透明词的掌握情况。本实验的语料来自北京语言大学HSK动态作文语料库俄语为母语的学生的作文,以及笔者所教的学生作文。通过研究我们发现,不同水平学生对不同透明度词语的使用率和正确率不同。透明度低的词,其正确率随着汉语水平的提高而提高；透明度高的词,其正确率随着学生汉语水平的提高呈“U”形发展。对透明度高的词语,初学者正确率较高;到中级水平,正确率反而降低;高级水平正确率又有所回升。水平高的学生对透明度高的词语,使用率高,但偏误也可能会增多。影响因素有很多,有来自学习者自身的因素,也与汉语词汇的特点有关。 调查问卷部分,发放30份调查问卷,进行纸笔测试,调查初级班、中级班和高级班学生根据语素义项猜测词义的能力。我们发现不同的词汇结构也影响其正确率,正确率呈现“联合型偏正型动宾型”的趋势。俄语中动宾关系词语的几个小类都跟汉语有很多相同特点,所以最易掌握。在汉语水平等级词汇大纲中,偏正结构所占比例最大,而且偏正结构的词语常常是半透明词语,所以随着学生逐渐掌握汉语构词规律,偏正型结构也比较容易掌握。而联合型稍微复杂,出现了偏义复词等情况,学习者有时分不清主要要素,这是学习者学习的难点。 最后,论文结合《新实用汉语课本》和《长城汉语》这两种教材讨论词义透明度对教材编写和教学的启示,希望能有针对性地帮助汉语词汇教学。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary teaching plays an important role in practical foreign teaching. In Chinese vocabulary, double-character compound word is the majority, whether in the field of language, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, or psychology, the processing of Chinese double-character compound word has been studied. At present, semantic transparency has aroused the interest of researchers, and many scholars and experts at home and abroad have carried out research on semantic transparency. However, at present, there are few researches on the transparency of word meaning for native Russian learners to learn Chinese vocabulary in their native language. Previous investigations and studies have been carried out among Chinese students studying abroad. This paper investigates the knowledge of Chinese vocabulary among native Russian students in a non-Chinese environment. In this paper, the author analyzes the influence of "meaning transparency" on the acquisition of Chinese double-character compound words by Russian students. On the basis of reading the previous studies at home and abroad, this paper, by means of corpus analysis and questionnaire survey, studies how the transparency of word meaning affects the acquisition of Chinese compound words by native Russian students, and then puts forward solutions according to their influencing factors. In order to better help students learn Chinese. Corpus analysis is to collect Chinese composition of native Russian students. We analyzed 60 compositions, of which 20 were at the beginning, 20 at the middle level and 20 at the advanced level. The purpose of the analysis was to master the transparent words and the opaque words. The data of this study are from the composition of native Russian students from HSK dynamic composition Corpus of Beijing language and language University and the composition of students taught by the author. Through the study, we find that the usage rate and correct rate of different transparency words are different among different levels of students. The correct rate of the words with low transparency increases with the improvement of the Chinese level, and the correct rate of the words with high transparency develops with the improvement of the students' Chinese proficiency in the form of "U". For the words with high transparency, the correct rate of beginners is higher; at the intermediate level, the correct rate decreases; and the correct rate of advanced level rebounds. High-level students use highly transparent words, but errors may also increase. There are many influential factors, some from the learners themselves, but also related to the characteristics of Chinese vocabulary. In the part of questionnaire, 30 questionnaires were sent out, and the students of junior, intermediate and advanced classes were tested according to morpheme meaning. We find that different lexical structures also influence the accuracy, and the correct rate shows the trend of "combined positive verb-object type". Several subcategories of verb-object relation words in Russian have the same characteristics as Chinese, so they are easy to master. In the outline of Chinese level vocabulary, the proportion of the positive structure is the largest, and the words with the positive structure are often translucent words, so as the students gradually master the rule of Chinese word formation, the biased structure is easier to master. However, the syndication type is a little more complicated, and sometimes the learners can not distinguish the main elements, which is a difficult point for the learners to learn. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of the transparency of word meaning for the compilation and teaching of Chinese vocabulary by combining the New practical Chinese textbook and the Great Wall Chinese textbook, hoping to help the teaching of Chinese vocabulary.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3
本文编号：2210817
[Abstract]:Vocabulary teaching plays an important role in practical foreign teaching. In Chinese vocabulary, double-character compound word is the majority, whether in the field of language, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, or psychology, the processing of Chinese double-character compound word has been studied. At present, semantic transparency has aroused the interest of researchers, and many scholars and experts at home and abroad have carried out research on semantic transparency. However, at present, there are few researches on the transparency of word meaning for native Russian learners to learn Chinese vocabulary in their native language. Previous investigations and studies have been carried out among Chinese students studying abroad. This paper investigates the knowledge of Chinese vocabulary among native Russian students in a non-Chinese environment. In this paper, the author analyzes the influence of "meaning transparency" on the acquisition of Chinese double-character compound words by Russian students. On the basis of reading the previous studies at home and abroad, this paper, by means of corpus analysis and questionnaire survey, studies how the transparency of word meaning affects the acquisition of Chinese compound words by native Russian students, and then puts forward solutions according to their influencing factors. In order to better help students learn Chinese. Corpus analysis is to collect Chinese composition of native Russian students. We analyzed 60 compositions, of which 20 were at the beginning, 20 at the middle level and 20 at the advanced level. The purpose of the analysis was to master the transparent words and the opaque words. The data of this study are from the composition of native Russian students from HSK dynamic composition Corpus of Beijing language and language University and the composition of students taught by the author. Through the study, we find that the usage rate and correct rate of different transparency words are different among different levels of students. The correct rate of the words with low transparency increases with the improvement of the Chinese level, and the correct rate of the words with high transparency develops with the improvement of the students' Chinese proficiency in the form of "U". For the words with high transparency, the correct rate of beginners is higher; at the intermediate level, the correct rate decreases; and the correct rate of advanced level rebounds. High-level students use highly transparent words, but errors may also increase. There are many influential factors, some from the learners themselves, but also related to the characteristics of Chinese vocabulary. In the part of questionnaire, 30 questionnaires were sent out, and the students of junior, intermediate and advanced classes were tested according to morpheme meaning. We find that different lexical structures also influence the accuracy, and the correct rate shows the trend of "combined positive verb-object type". Several subcategories of verb-object relation words in Russian have the same characteristics as Chinese, so they are easy to master. In the outline of Chinese level vocabulary, the proportion of the positive structure is the largest, and the words with the positive structure are often translucent words, so as the students gradually master the rule of Chinese word formation, the biased structure is easier to master. However, the syndication type is a little more complicated, and sometimes the learners can not distinguish the main elements, which is a difficult point for the learners to learn. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of the transparency of word meaning for the compilation and teaching of Chinese vocabulary by combining the New practical Chinese textbook and the Great Wall Chinese textbook, hoping to help the teaching of Chinese vocabulary.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3
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