《汉语纵横》与《发展汉语》的比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 12:06

【摘要】：语言教学的四大环节之一就是教材的编写（或选择）。它是教师在进行课堂教学中的依据，对教学效果产生直接影响；同时它还是学生获取知识的直接来源之一：教材质量的高低，对学习者，特别是他们的学习兴趣，有着重要的影响。在教材编写中，初级教材的编写极为重要，而且面临非常大的困难。通过对《汉语纵横》与《发展汉语》（初级）两本教材在课文、词汇以及语法部分的比较，统计二者之间的异同，并且相应的提出一些建议，为教师日后的教学提供指导方向以及对学习者的学习提供必要的帮助。除了引言、研究综述部分和结语部分之外，本文的主体主要分为以下三个部分：首先，在课文的编写上，本文从体裁的形式上与题材的内容两个方面对两套教材进行了比较和研究。两套教材的体裁从大体上看均以日常对话和记叙文为主；从体裁种类上来看，《发展汉语》稍多于《汉语纵横》。而从题材类型上来看，两套教材的题材类型都比较丰富。从题材种类上看，《发展汉语》也要比《汉语纵横》更加丰富一些。其次，从生词的总量上来看，按照《教学大纲》的要求，初级水平的汉语学习者应该掌握的单词总量为2704个，根据两套教材的实际情况，总体上看基本符合《教学大纲》要求的。最后，从两套教材的语法点数量来看，两套教材的平均语法点数相差不大,数目安排的比较合理，平均每课大约在2.5—2.7个之间，难度比较适中，比较符合学生的学习规律。而从两套教材语法部分的排序上看，《汉语纵横》和《发展汉语》安排的都比较合理，比较符合第二语言的学习规律和汉语的特点，也遵循了由易到难，深入浅出的原则。除此之外，两套教材语法部分的切分，从整体上看，都采取了化整为零编排方法，在安排上也比较合理。研究的创新之处：第一，目前仍未发现专门针对中高级精读教材语法练习的考察与研究。第二，本文所选教材出版年代较新，和其他教材相比使用比例较大，，研究所得的成果更为客观。第三，本文在前人的研究基础上将语法练习的题型与语法内容难易顺序结合起来分析，为语法点的排序（主要是难易程度上）提供了参考标准。《汉语纵横》和《发展汉语》这两套教材的编写时代相近，在总体结构框架上比较相似，但是两套教材各有优劣，在课文、语言点、练习题等内容方面还有区别。它们在不同程度上都吸纳了之前许多成功教材的研究成果，虽然一些地方还存有一些问题，但与前期的同类教材相比，已经有了非常大的进步，期望在以后的教材编写活动当中，我们也能够多多借鉴两套教材在编写上的优秀之处，规避并且改正两套教材中出现的不足。
[Abstract]:One of the four major links of language teaching is the compilation (or selection) of teaching materials. It is the basis for teachers to carry out classroom teaching and has a direct impact on the teaching effect. At the same time, it is also one of the direct sources for students to acquire knowledge: the quality of teaching materials and their interest to learners, especially to them. Has an important impact. In the compilation of teaching materials, the compilation of primary textbooks is extremely important and faces great difficulties. By comparing the text, vocabulary and grammar between "Chinese vertical and horizontal" and "developing Chinese" (primary), this paper makes statistics on the similarities and differences between the two textbooks, and puts forward some suggestions accordingly. To provide guidance for teachers in the future and to provide necessary help for learners. In addition to the introduction, the research summary and the conclusion, the main body of this paper is divided into the following three parts: first, in the preparation of the text, This paper compares and studies the two sets of textbooks from the aspects of genre and subject matter. The genres of the two sets of textbooks are generally based on daily dialogue and narration, and in terms of genre, "developing Chinese" is a little more than "Chinese vertical and horizontal". And from the subject matter type, the two sets of teaching materials are rich in theme types. In terms of subject matter, Development Chinese is also more abundant than Chinese vertical and horizontal. Secondly, from the perspective of the total number of new words, according to the requirements of the syllabus, the total number of words that Chinese learners at the primary level should master is 2,704. According to the actual situation of the two sets of textbooks, On the whole, basically accord with the requirements of the syllabus. Finally, from the perspective of the number of grammar points in the two sets of textbooks, the average grammatical points of the two sets of textbooks are not different, and the arrangement of the two sets of textbooks is reasonable. The average number of classes is between 2.5-2.7, which is relatively moderate and accords with the study rules of the students. From the perspective of the grammatical parts of the two sets of textbooks, the arrangement of "Chinese vertical and horizontal" and "developing Chinese" is reasonable, which accords with the learning rules of the second language and the characteristics of Chinese, and follows the principle of "easy to difficult" and "simple and simple". In addition, the grammatical parts of the two sets of teaching materials, overall, both adopt a piecemeal arrangement method, in the arrangement is more reasonable. The innovations of the research are as follows: first, there is no investigation and research on grammar practice in middle and advanced intensive reading textbooks. Second, the textbook selected in this paper is published in a relatively new age, and compared with other textbooks, the results of the study are more objective. Thirdly, on the basis of previous studies, this paper combines the questions of grammar exercises with the difficult sequence of grammatical contents. It provides a reference standard for the sorting of grammatical points (mainly in the degree of difficulty). The two sets of textbooks, "Chinese Vertical and horizontal" and "Development Chinese", are compiled in a similar time and are quite similar in the general structure framework. But the two sets have advantages and disadvantages, in the text, language points, exercises and other content differences. To varying degrees, they have absorbed the research results of many previous successful textbooks. Although there are still some problems in some places, they have made great progress compared with similar teaching materials in the previous period. We hope that in the future textbook preparation activities, we can also learn from the two sets of textbooks in the preparation of good points, to avoid and correct the two sets of teaching materials in the deficiencies.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.4

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