英语介词on和汉语方位词“上”的认知语义对比研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 08:46
【摘要】：空间关系是人类认知客观世界最基本的方式,语言中诸多范畴是在空间关系的基础上建立和发展起来的。空间概念的表达可以反映出人类对空间认知的特征,因此空间介词一直是认知语言学的研究焦点之一。国内外对空间介词的研究表明,认知语言学理论为介词多义现象提供了合理有力的解释。在此背景下,介词on的多义性研究相对较少,而on和“上”的认知语义比较研究则更加有限,并且多局限于空间意义的对比分析。然而在二语习得过程中,中国学生由于受母语迁移影响出现介词on的误用现象很常见,这与英汉两种语言语义和认知上的异同有很大关系,因此认知语义比较研究十分有必要。立足于国内外研究现状,结合二语习得中的实际问题,本文从认知视角探索了英语介词on和汉语方位词“上”的语义分布,在此基础上对两者做了比较。研究采用词典语义分析与语料库辅例相结合的方法,从词源和词类入手,首先对on和“上”的原型意义和隐喻意义进行分析,并利用意象图式和概念隐喻对两者的语义发展和分布进行了描述和阐释；在此基础上,对比分析了两者原型义和隐喻义的异同。研究结果表明on与“上”的语义分布都呈现出一定的系统性,两者在原型意义上的差异决定了隐喻意义的差异：(1)在原型意义上,on和“上”都体现了接触图式和支持图式,同时衍生出了一些相似的隐喻意义；(2)on所体现的空间关系比“上”更强调射体和界标之间的接触,因此映射出与压力图式相关的隐喻意义；相比于on,“上”的基本图式中射体和界标之间不一定存在的接触,体现的空间范围更宽广,故在用法上可与in、on、over、above等介词替换；(3)空间维度上,on的意象图式侧重水平维度的语义映射,而“上”的意象图式侧重垂直维度的语义映射。本文运用意象图式和隐喻理论对汉语“上”的语义进行描述和阐释,从某种程度上来说是一种突破。研究方法上,对汉语词源和字形的分析或为汉语的认知语义研究提供一种新的视角和途径。对比研究发现,英汉两种语言在空间识解和参考系的选择上存在一定差异,为一些常见的介词on的误用现象提供了有力的解释,对第二语言词汇教学有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Spatial relationship is the most basic way for human beings to recognize the objective world. Many categories in language are established and developed on the basis of spatial relations. The expression of spatial concepts can reflect the characteristics of human cognition of space, so spatial prepositions have always been one of the focuses of cognitive linguistics. Studies on spatial prepositions at home and abroad show that cognitive linguistics provides a reasonable and powerful explanation for polysemy of prepositions. In this context, the polysemy of preposition on is relatively few, while the comparative study of cognitive semantics between on and Shang is more limited, and most of them are confined to the contrastive analysis of spatial meaning. However, in the process of second language acquisition, it is very common for Chinese students to misuse prepositions on because of their mother tongue transfer, which is closely related to the semantic and cognitive similarities and differences between English and Chinese, so it is necessary to make a comparative study of cognitive semantics. Based on the current research situation at home and abroad and the practical problems in second language acquisition, this paper explores the semantic distribution of the English preposition on and the Chinese locative word "Shang" from a cognitive perspective, and then makes a comparison between the two. Using the method of lexical semantic analysis and corpus auxiliary examples, this paper analyzes the archetypal and metaphorical meanings of on and "Shang", starting with etymology and etymology. The semantic development and distribution of them are described and explained by image schemata and conceptual metaphors, and on this basis, the similarities and differences of their prototype meanings and metaphorical meanings are compared and analyzed. The results show that both the semantic distribution of on and "Shang" are systematic, and the differences between them in the archetypal sense determine the differences of metaphorical meanings: (1) in the archetypal sense, both "on" and "Shang" embody contact schemata and support schemata. At the same time, some similar metaphorical meanings are derived: (2) the spatial relationship embodied by on emphasizes the contact between the projector and the boundary marker more than the "upper", so it maps out the metaphorical meaning related to the stress schema; Compared with the contact between projectiles and boundary markers in the basic schemata of on, the scope of space is wider, so it can be replaced with prepositions such as in,on,over,above in usage. (3) in the spatial dimension, the image schema of "on" focuses on the semantic mapping of the horizontal dimension, while the image schema of "Shang" focuses on the semantic mapping of the vertical dimension. This paper uses image schema and metaphor theory to describe and explain the meaning of Chinese "Shang", which to some extent is a breakthrough. In terms of research methods, the analysis of Chinese etymology and morphology may provide a new perspective and approach for the study of Chinese cognitive semantics. The contrastive study shows that there are some differences between English and Chinese in the choice of spatial interpretation and reference system, which provide a powerful explanation for the misuse of some common prepositions "on" and can be used for reference in the teaching of second language vocabulary.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136;H313
本文编号：2221587
[Abstract]:Spatial relationship is the most basic way for human beings to recognize the objective world. Many categories in language are established and developed on the basis of spatial relations. The expression of spatial concepts can reflect the characteristics of human cognition of space, so spatial prepositions have always been one of the focuses of cognitive linguistics. Studies on spatial prepositions at home and abroad show that cognitive linguistics provides a reasonable and powerful explanation for polysemy of prepositions. In this context, the polysemy of preposition on is relatively few, while the comparative study of cognitive semantics between on and Shang is more limited, and most of them are confined to the contrastive analysis of spatial meaning. However, in the process of second language acquisition, it is very common for Chinese students to misuse prepositions on because of their mother tongue transfer, which is closely related to the semantic and cognitive similarities and differences between English and Chinese, so it is necessary to make a comparative study of cognitive semantics. Based on the current research situation at home and abroad and the practical problems in second language acquisition, this paper explores the semantic distribution of the English preposition on and the Chinese locative word "Shang" from a cognitive perspective, and then makes a comparison between the two. Using the method of lexical semantic analysis and corpus auxiliary examples, this paper analyzes the archetypal and metaphorical meanings of on and "Shang", starting with etymology and etymology. The semantic development and distribution of them are described and explained by image schemata and conceptual metaphors, and on this basis, the similarities and differences of their prototype meanings and metaphorical meanings are compared and analyzed. The results show that both the semantic distribution of on and "Shang" are systematic, and the differences between them in the archetypal sense determine the differences of metaphorical meanings: (1) in the archetypal sense, both "on" and "Shang" embody contact schemata and support schemata. At the same time, some similar metaphorical meanings are derived: (2) the spatial relationship embodied by on emphasizes the contact between the projector and the boundary marker more than the "upper", so it maps out the metaphorical meaning related to the stress schema; Compared with the contact between projectiles and boundary markers in the basic schemata of on, the scope of space is wider, so it can be replaced with prepositions such as in,on,over,above in usage. (3) in the spatial dimension, the image schema of "on" focuses on the semantic mapping of the horizontal dimension, while the image schema of "Shang" focuses on the semantic mapping of the vertical dimension. This paper uses image schema and metaphor theory to describe and explain the meaning of Chinese "Shang", which to some extent is a breakthrough. In terms of research methods, the analysis of Chinese etymology and morphology may provide a new perspective and approach for the study of Chinese cognitive semantics. The contrastive study shows that there are some differences between English and Chinese in the choice of spatial interpretation and reference system, which provide a powerful explanation for the misuse of some common prepositions "on" and can be used for reference in the teaching of second language vocabulary.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H136;H313
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 莫运夏;汉语“在…下”构成介宾词组的英语对等译法[J];梧州师专学报;1997年04期
2 郭锡良;;介词“于”的起源和发展[J];中国语文;1997年02期
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