语段理论下汉语“的”字所有格结构句法研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 16:23

【摘要】：从1961年朱德熙先生的《说“的”》开始,学术界对于汉语中“的”字词组的研究可谓百家争鸣,百花齐放。然而,半个多世纪过去了,学者们对“的”字词组的句法地位及句法特征仍难达成共识,且对“的”字的句法解释大都停留在语义学的层面。可喜的是,在相伴而行的半个多世纪里,乔姆斯基的生成语法也得到了长足的发展,这为汉语的句法研究指明了一条新的道路。此外,在生成语法近期的理论发展阶段,人们已经充分意识到分句与名词性词组之间的平行关系,这又为汉语名词性词组的研究创造了有利条件。本文旨在应用生成语法的最新成果——语段理论来研究汉语的“的”字结构,重点讨论“的”字词组中的所有格结构[NP的XP],以期给“的”字结构的研究带来新的思路。本文主要通过以下几个观点展开：(1)汉语中有许多不同的“的”,虽然它们具有相同的文字形式与语音形式,但是它们不论在句法层面还是语义层面都是完全不同的,因此用一个统一的方法来分析是不可行的；(2)汉语的“的”字所有格结构与小句的句法结构具有高度的统一性,“的”字词组本身是一个名词性投射DP,与小句中的CP相对应,“的”字引导一个独立的投射FP,与小句中的TP相对应；(3)FP是一个具有典型名词性特征的投射,中心F(即所有格结构中的“的”字)选择一个同样具有名词性的nP作为它的补足语(complement),并且“的”的句法位置是介于DP与nP中间；(4)n选择一个具有名词性的词组NP作为它的补足语,且“的”字词组中存在一个隐性的n作为名词性转换机制,能将非名词性的词组XP转化为名词性的NP,以便被n所选择；(5)与动词词组一样,汉语名词所有格结构中也拥有至少两个语段,即*DP-FP-*nP-NP。最后,本文试图通过应用语段理论来对汉语及其他几种语言的所有格结构进行句法分析,如日语,英语,韩语,以及土耳其语等,以期对应用生成语法理论研究汉语起到抛砖引玉的作用。然而,名词性研究终究是个很深的学问,在这有限的篇幅中,仍然有许多问题没有涉及或解决,还需在未来进行更深入地探讨与研究。
[Abstract]:The academic research on the phrase "said" in Chinese can be described as "a hundred schools of thought" and "a hundred flowers blossom" since 1961's "said" by Zhu Dexi. However, after more than half a century, it is still difficult for scholars to reach a consensus on the syntactic status and syntactic characteristics of the word phrase, and the syntactic interpretation of the word is mostly at the level of semantics. Fortunately, Chomsky's generative grammar has made great progress in the past half century, which indicates a new way for the study of Chinese syntax. In addition, in the recent theoretical development of generative grammar, people have fully realized the parallel relationship between clauses and nominal phrases, which has created favorable conditions for the study of Chinese nominal phrases. The purpose of this paper is to apply segment theory, the latest achievement of generative grammar, to study the "word structure" in Chinese, focusing on the possessive case structure in the word phrase [NP's XP], in order to bring new ideas to the study of "NP" word structure. This thesis is mainly based on the following points of view: (1) there are many different forms in Chinese. Although they have the same text form and phonetic form, they are completely different in syntax and semantic level. Therefore, it is not feasible to use a unified method to analyze it. (2) the "word possessive case structure" and the syntactic structure of the clause are highly unified, and the phrase itself is a nominally projected DP, corresponding to the CP in the clause. The word "FP" leads an independent projection FP, to correspond to the TP in the clause; (3) FP is a projection with typical nominal characteristics, The syntactic position of center F (the word "in the possessive case structure) is between DP and nP by choosing a similarly nominal nP as its complement (complement),. (4) n chooses a noun phrase NP as its complement, and there exists a recessive n as the noun conversion mechanism in the "noun" phrase, which can transform the non-noun phrase XP into the nominal NP, so as to be selected by n; (5) like verb phrases, there are at least two segments in the noun possessive case structure, that is, DP-FP-nP-NPP. Finally, this paper attempts to analyze the possessive structures of Chinese and several other languages by using the theory of segment, such as Japanese, English, Korean, Turkish and so on. In order to apply generative grammar theory to study Chinese play an important role. However, nominal research is a deep knowledge, in this limited space, there are still many problems have not been addressed or solved, but also need to be further explored and studied in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【共引文献】