“和、同、跟、与”的语法分工和使用的层化

发布时间：2018-09-18 17:55

【摘要】：现代汉语普通话里虚词“和、同、跟、与”既可以用作伴随、关联、对象性的介词，也可以用作并列连词，它们都是从实词虚化而来的，语义相近。本文利用语言变异理论和定量与定性相结合的方法对“和、同、跟、与”进行了动态和异质的研究，考察这四个虚词在不同方言和语域（口语、网络语言、新闻标题及宪法）中的语法分工情况和使用的层化。同时整理统计语文教材中这四个词的分布情况，以期对语言生活进行参照比较，为语言教育及语言规划提供一定的科学参考。研究发现：地域分布上，“与”在方言口语中没有出现，连词“和”、“跟”、“同”分布区域各不相同。介词“和”、“跟”分布比较广泛，“同”具有地域性。语法分工和使用分层上，，连词“和”使用普遍，标题语域除外。对于介词，各语域倾向不同，这四个虚词在介词的语法分工上依然处在历时的竞争中。语文教材中，连词“和”使用频率很高。而作为介词这四个词的频率相对均匀。 “和”作连词的倾向与介词分工不明的现象与语文教材的统计结果呈现一致情况，而部分语言学家抱有的“跟”或“同”专门作介词的期望一定程度上暗合了这四个词的发展趋势，但与目前现实的语言生活依然存在着差距。
[Abstract]:In modern Mandarin Chinese, the function word "He, Tong, Ji, and" can be used not only as adjoint, relative, objective prepositions, but also as adjoint conjunctions. They all come from the materialized word and have similar semantics. This paper investigates the grammatical division and use of these four functional words in different dialects and registers (spoken language, network language, news headlines and the Constitution). Find out:
In terms of geographical distribution, and does not appear in spoken dialects, and the conjunctions "he", "he", "he" and "tong" are distributed in different regions.
In terms of grammatical division and use stratification, the conjunction "He" is widely used, except for the title register. For prepositions, the tendencies of each register are different, and these four function words are still in a diachronic competition in the grammatical division of prepositions.
In Chinese textbooks, the conjunction "he" is very frequently used, and the frequency of these four words as a preposition is relatively uniform.
The tendency of "harmony" as a conjunction and the unclear division of prepositions are consistent with the statistical results of Chinese textbooks. The expectation of some linguists that "heel" or "Tong" as a special preposition coincides with the development trend of these four words to a certain extent, but there is still a gap between them and the current language life.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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