汉日同形近义词与对日汉语词汇教学研究
发布时间：2018-10-13 14:55
【摘要】：汉日同形近义词是中日两国文字中字形、词义相同或者相近的汉字词汇。词汇教学是汉语教学的基础,汉日同形近义词的习得更是重中之重。汉日同形近义词词义越相近,对词义把握干扰越大,越是难以分辨,这样一来就越容易产生偏误。本文整理归纳汉日同形近义词的概念、字形对比结论,按汉日同形近义词出现范围罗列了关于文化、科学、风俗、宗教、文物方面的汉日同形近义词。探究汉日同形近义词字形、词义、范围方面的对比结果得出：汉日同形近义词有以下三类：汉语比日语词义范围小,汉语比日语词义范围广,词义偏离。词义偏离中偏离既不是范围的扩大也不是范围的缩小,而是词义发生了变化,但二者在某种意义上有关联。词义的不同变化遵循以下的规律：借用时间先后的差异、是否保留古代汉语词义、词义随借用过程中词性变化而变化、词义比喻和俗用转用以及词义被特化等。通过对汉日同形近义词字形以及相比较于日语,汉语词义范围缩小、扩大、偏离的阐释论述发现,汉语教学中教授者要充分考虑母语的正迁移,肯定和重视词汇教学中汉日同形近义词对日本母语者的促进作用。建议教学者根据教学对象、学习者的汉语水平、词汇量的掌握程度因材施教。
[Abstract]:Chinese and Japanese synonyms are Chinese characters with the same or similar meanings in Chinese and Japanese characters. Vocabulary teaching is the basis of Chinese teaching, and the acquisition of Chinese and Japanese homomorphic synonyms is the most important. The closer the meaning of Chinese and Japanese synonyms is, the greater the interference to the meaning of the synonyms is, and the more difficult it is to distinguish them. In this paper, the concept of synonyms in Chinese and Japanese isomorphism is summarized, and the synonyms about culture, science, custom, religion and cultural relic are listed according to the scope of appearance of synonyms in Chinese and Japanese. From the comparison of Chinese and Japanese synonyms such as glyph, meaning and scope, it is concluded that there are three kinds of synonyms: Chinese is smaller than Japanese, Chinese is wider than Japanese, and word meaning deviates. Deviation from the meaning of a word is neither the enlargement of the scope nor the narrowing of the scope, but the change of the meaning of the word, but the connection between the two in some sense. The different changes of word meaning follow the following rules: the difference of borrowing time and order, the retention of ancient Chinese word meaning, the change of word meaning with the change of part of speech in the process of borrowing, the conversion of word meaning metaphor and vulgarity, and the specialization of word meaning, etc. Based on the explanation of the conformal synonyms of Chinese and Japanese, and comparing with Japanese, the scope of word meaning in Chinese is narrowed, expanded and deviated, it is found that the positive transfer of mother tongue should be fully taken into account by the professors in Chinese teaching. To affirm and attach importance to the promotion of Chinese and Japanese homomorphic synonyms to Japanese native speakers in vocabulary teaching. It is suggested that the teacher should teach students according to their students' proficiency in Chinese and their vocabulary in accordance with their aptitude.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195
本文编号：2269017
[Abstract]:Chinese and Japanese synonyms are Chinese characters with the same or similar meanings in Chinese and Japanese characters. Vocabulary teaching is the basis of Chinese teaching, and the acquisition of Chinese and Japanese homomorphic synonyms is the most important. The closer the meaning of Chinese and Japanese synonyms is, the greater the interference to the meaning of the synonyms is, and the more difficult it is to distinguish them. In this paper, the concept of synonyms in Chinese and Japanese isomorphism is summarized, and the synonyms about culture, science, custom, religion and cultural relic are listed according to the scope of appearance of synonyms in Chinese and Japanese. From the comparison of Chinese and Japanese synonyms such as glyph, meaning and scope, it is concluded that there are three kinds of synonyms: Chinese is smaller than Japanese, Chinese is wider than Japanese, and word meaning deviates. Deviation from the meaning of a word is neither the enlargement of the scope nor the narrowing of the scope, but the change of the meaning of the word, but the connection between the two in some sense. The different changes of word meaning follow the following rules: the difference of borrowing time and order, the retention of ancient Chinese word meaning, the change of word meaning with the change of part of speech in the process of borrowing, the conversion of word meaning metaphor and vulgarity, and the specialization of word meaning, etc. Based on the explanation of the conformal synonyms of Chinese and Japanese, and comparing with Japanese, the scope of word meaning in Chinese is narrowed, expanded and deviated, it is found that the positive transfer of mother tongue should be fully taken into account by the professors in Chinese teaching. To affirm and attach importance to the promotion of Chinese and Japanese homomorphic synonyms to Japanese native speakers in vocabulary teaching. It is suggested that the teacher should teach students according to their students' proficiency in Chinese and their vocabulary in accordance with their aptitude.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195
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