处所义介词结构语序及相关问题的标记模式研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 17:57

【摘要】：介词结构是现代汉语句法结构中较为常见的一类,而表示处所义的介词结构又是其中最典型的。它在句子中反映了动作或状态发生的场所,是人类对时空关系的认知顺序在语言中的重要体现,因而它的语序问题一直是学界较为重视的研究热点。虽然对处所义介词结构语序及相关问题的研究已经取得了丰富的成果,但研究的不断深入和各种新兴理论方法的借鉴和使用,仍为这方面研究的持续发展开拓了广阔的前景。本文以标记理论为主要方法,从探寻处所义介词结构和影响它在句中位置的因素之间存在着的不对称现象入手,分析这些不对称现象背后的标记模式以及标记功能,并就相关的影响语序的因素本身作适当的研究。首先,本文把认知上的时间顺序象似性原则作为影响处所义介词结构最重要的因素进行考察,着眼于位移事件中介词结构与动词的位置关系,分析介词结构表示的动作引起物体发生位移的起点和终点这组对立的现象,在影响介词结构和动词位置时所具有的不对称性,并探讨其中有标记项的标记形式和不对称性的原因。另外,在表示物体位移终点的范畴里,还存在着未实现的目标和已实现的目标这组对立现象,它们对介词结构语序的影响也带有不对称性。其次,从动词的语法形式、语义特点出发,探究与之相关的完句信息、韵律因素、动词语义类别等对动词与介词结构组合关系的影响,其中也不乏不对称的现象存在,本文建立并讨论有关动词语法语义与介词结构之间的标记模式,既包括了存在蕴含共性的标记“相对模式”,也有体现为四分表形式的标记“关联模式”。最后,再以处所义介词结构相关句式为研究对象,讨论宾语是否定指对这些句式选择带有的倾向性、非强制性的影响,这也涉及到了生成句法对处所义介词结构有关句式的底层结构的研究,本文在已有的研究成果基础上对这些句式的底层结构进行了论述。
[Abstract]:Preposition structure is one of the most common syntactic structures in modern Chinese. It reflects the place where action or state occurs in sentences, and it is an important embodiment of human cognitive order in language, so its word order has always been a hot research topic in academic circles. Although the research on the word order of locative preposition structure and related problems has made a lot of achievements, the continuous deepening of the research and the reference and use of various new theories and methods have opened up a broad prospect for the sustainable development of the research in this field. Based on the theory of markers, this paper explores the asymmetry between the structure of locative prepositions and the factors affecting their position in the sentence, and analyzes the marked patterns and the functions of markers behind these asymmetrical phenomena. And the relevant factors affecting the word order itself to do appropriate research. First of all, this paper takes the principle of temporal sequence iconicity as the most important factor to influence the structure of locative preposition, focusing on the position relationship between prepositional structure and verbs in displacement events. This paper analyzes the opposite phenomena of the beginning and end of the object displacement caused by the action of the prepositional structure, and the asymmetry in influencing the prepositional structure and the position of the verb. The paper also discusses the marked form and the reason of asymmetry. In addition, in the category representing the end point of object displacement, there are some opposite phenomena between the unrealized goal and the realized goal, and their influence on the word order of prepositional structure is also asymmetric. Secondly, based on the grammatical form and semantic characteristics of verbs, this paper probes into the influence of sentence completion information, prosodic factors and verb semantic categories on the structure combination of verbs and prepositions, among which there are some asymmetrical phenomena. This paper establishes and discusses the tagging pattern between the grammatical semantics of verbs and the preposition structure, which includes not only the "relative pattern" of the mark which implies the commonness, but also the "associative pattern" of the mark in the form of the quadrilateral table. Finally, taking the sentence structure of the locative preposition as the research object, the author discusses that the negative refers to the tendentiousness and non-mandatory influence on the choice of these sentence patterns. This also involves the research on the underlying structure of the sentence structure related to the locative preposition structure. This paper discusses the underlying structure of these sentence patterns on the basis of the existing research results.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146.3

【参考文献】