英汉儿童时间词语习得对比分析

发布时间：2018-10-21 14:09

【摘要】：时间词语是儿童习得较晚的一类词语，也是儿童认知发展成熟的标志之一。时间意识的产生、发展和成熟代表了儿童时间认知发展逐渐成熟的过程。从隐喻角度，通过源域和目标域间的关系分析儿童时间词语的习得情况，有利于从语言内部更深层次地发现儿童习得时间词语的过程以及儿童如何利用隐喻来习得时间词语的；随着儿童年龄的增长，时间词语的发展趋于成熟，同时时间意识的发展也趋于成熟。儿童时间词语的发展研究对儿童时间认知的发展具有重大意义。本课题运用调查研究法、数理统计法和个案纵向观察法对四名1-5岁儿童（说英语、说汉语儿童各两名）的时间词语使用情况进行研究分析。其中两名说汉语儿童MHR(01;06;19-05;04;26)和ZHZ(01;06;26-05;05;06)选取了33个对称观察点，，对他们早期各类时间词语使用的总体情况、始现时间和频率进行分析。对来自Brown语料库的ADA(02;03;04-04;10;00)和SAR(02;03;05-04;11;26)两名说英语儿童的语料选取了33个观察点并对他们早期时间词语的发展情况进行对比研究，探讨其异同，并分析其原因。研究结果表明：（1）时间词语在说汉语儿童年纪尚幼时出现的较少，随着年龄的增长各类时间词语也逐渐增多。（2）ZHZ和MHR最常见使用的是时态助词“了”和时间副词，远远超出其他时间词语的比例。（3）四岁半左右时间词语在说二种语言的儿童语句中出现的频率达到高峰。（4）由于英汉两种语言时间系统构成的不同，说英语儿童说出的时间词语较少，而更多的是用不同时态表达不同时间意义。ADA和SAR常使用一般现代时和一般过去时。总之，儿童时间词语的发展与儿童的年龄、认知能力、语言复杂性、语言输入差异和输入频率有关。
[Abstract]:Temporal words are not only a kind of words acquired by children, but also a sign of children's cognitive development. The emergence, development and maturity of time consciousness represent the gradual maturation process of children's time cognition development. From the perspective of metaphor, analyzing the acquisition of children's temporal words through the relationship between source domain and target domain can help to find out the process of children's acquisition of temporal words and how children use metaphor to acquire temporal words. With the growth of children's age, the development of temporal words tends to mature, and the development of time consciousness also tends to mature. The research on the development of children's temporal words is of great significance to the development of children's time cognition. Using the methods of investigation, mathematical statistics and case longitudinal observation, this paper studies and analyzes the use of time words in four children aged 1-5 years (two children speaking English and two children speaking Chinese). Among them, two Chinese speaking children (MHR (01yun06Jao 19-0504-26) and ZHZ (01Y06HX 26-0505-06-06) selected 33 symmetrical observation points. The general situation of their early use of various temporal words and phrases was analyzed, and the time and frequency of their initial time and frequency were analyzed. The data of two English-speaking children from the Brown Corpus, ADA (02Y03C04-044-1000) and SAR (02Y0305-045-01126), were selected from 33 observation points, and the development of words and expressions in their early period were compared, and their similarities and differences were discussed, and the reasons were analyzed. The results show that: (1) temporal words appear less in Chinese speaking children when they are young, and gradually increase with age. (2) the most common words used in ZHZ and MHR are tense auxiliary words "Jiao" and temporal adverbs. The proportion of time words is far higher than that of other time words. (3) the frequency of time words appearing in children who speak two languages has reached a peak. (4) due to the difference in the composition of time systems between English and Chinese, English speaking children speak fewer words of time and more of them use different tenses to express different meanings of time. ADA and SAR often use the general modern tense and the general past tense. In a word, the development of children's temporal words is related to their age, cognitive ability, language complexity, language input difference and input frequency.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H319;H193.1

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