现代汉语时间格句法语义研究

发布时间：2018-10-22 08:46

【摘要】：时间格着眼于表时间的名词性成分与谓词之间的关系,本文以时间格为研究对象,主要分析现代汉语中时间格的句法语义特征。具体来说：首先,本文在前人研究基础上分别采用形式和语义的标准对时间格进行了分类。形式上,时间格分为无标记的、有标记的、准标记的三类；语义上,时间格分为时点成分和时段成分两类。还分析了时间词和时间结构之间的转化,认为时间结构是时间词的复杂化结构,时间结构还可以通过递归、复合和嵌套来构成新的时间结构。其次,对时间格的句法功能进行了详细的研究。首先是对时间格句法功能做出了定性的分析,接着在占有大量语料的基础上对其句法功能的分布进行了定量分析,得出时间格句法功能的分布特点。然后,分别讨论了时间格作状语和补语时的特征。作状语主要考察其语序特征和作状语的条件,作补语分时点和时段来考察补语的条件。之后,对时间格作状语和补语进行比较分析,主要分析数量结构的状／补能力和状补位置上的时间格完句能力。最后,分析时间格与空间格的句法能力差异并尝试结合认知语言学中的“容器—内容”意向图式尝试分析。最后,结合对外汉语教学实际,分析二语习得中时间格的使用偏误,对其进行了详细的分类描写,并对偏误出现的原因进行了跨语言的分析。
[Abstract]:Temporal lattices focus on the relationship between nominal components and predicates of time. This paper focuses on the syntactic and semantic features of temporal lattices in modern Chinese. Specifically, first of all, based on previous studies, this paper classifies temporal lattices by using formal and semantic criteria respectively. In form, time lattices are classified into three categories: unmarked, marked and quasi-marked, and semantically, time lattices are divided into two categories: time element and time element. The transformation between time words and time structures is also analyzed. It is considered that time structure is the complex structure of time words, and time structure can be constructed by recursion, composition and nesting. Secondly, the syntactic function of temporal lattice is studied in detail. Firstly, it makes a qualitative analysis on the syntactic function of temporal case, and then makes a quantitative analysis on the distribution of its syntactic function on the basis of possessing a large amount of corpus, and obtains the distribution characteristics of the syntactic function of temporal case. Then, the characteristics of temporal case as adverbial and complement are discussed respectively. The adverbial mainly investigates its word order characteristic and the condition of adverbial, and the time point and period of complement to examine the condition of complement. After that, the comparative analysis of temporal case as adverbial and complement is carried out, which mainly analyzes the ability of form / complement of quantitative structure and the ability of completing sentence in the position of temporal complement. Finally, the differences of syntactic competence between temporal and spatial cases are analyzed and an attempt is made to combine the "container-content" schemata in cognitive linguistics. Finally, combined with the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, this paper analyzes the errors in the use of time frames in second language acquisition, describes them in detail, and makes a cross-language analysis of the causes of errors.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】