语段理论下汉语存现句的生成研究
发布时间：2018-10-22 10:39
【摘要】：存现句是一种特殊的句式,具有跨语言的性质,一般认为其下位句型包括存在句与隐现句。国内外语言学者对英语存在句的相关问题都做过深入的研究,且硕果累累。对汉语存在句相关问题的研究也一直是国内外生成语言学者研究关注的热门话题,通过对汉语存在句的研究进行综述,我们发现以往对汉语存在句的研究大多是在管约论框架下进行的,研究的主要问题主要包括以下几个方面：1.存在句的生成机制；2.句首处所名词组的语法地位(主语确认)；3.存现动词的性质(非宾格性研究,论元研究)；4.动词后名词组的赋格问题以及定指效应。虽然生成语言学者们从不同的角度对以上问题进行了研究探讨,但始终是各持已见,莫衷一是。 生成语言学一直是一门不断发展,不断更新的学科,从管约论到最简方案初期,再到近年来乔姆斯基(1999,2001,2004,2005,2008)提出的语段理论,生成语言学始终力求使人类语言机能的运作符合生物体的运作规律,追求更符合自然界的“经济性原则”。语段理论秉持着“简洁雅致”这一指导性原则,极大地简化了句法层面和运算操作,克服了以往理论中的概念的复杂零乱,具有更强的解释力。而本文基于对汉语存现句定义与分类的重新整理,在语段理论的框架下对汉语存现句的推导生成给出了统一的解释,确认汉语存现句为深层无主句,句首(时间)处所名词组为状语性话题；接受潘海华(1996b)“施事删除”,“被动化”与田艳艳(2008)“施事客体化”的观点来分别处理进入存现结构的及物动词非作格动词,认为存现句中出现的及物动词与非作格动词均为衍生的非宾格动词,具有非宾格性；并采用特征赋值与特征删除来处理动词后名词组的格位问题。
[Abstract]:Existential sentence is a kind of special sentence structure, which has a cross-language nature. It is generally considered that its lower sentence pattern includes existential sentence and hidden sentence. Linguists at home and abroad have done in-depth research on English existential sentences. The research on Chinese existential sentences has also been a hot topic for generative linguists at home and abroad. We find that most of the previous researches on Chinese existential sentences are carried out under the framework of management reduction theory. The main problems of the research include the following aspects: 1. The generation mechanism of existential sentences. The grammatical position of the first phrase (subject confirmation); 3. The properties of existential verbs (non-objective case studies, argument studies); 4. The fugue problem and the definitional effect of the verb post-noun phrase. Although generative linguists have studied the above problems from different angles, they hold different opinions and have different opinions. Generative linguistics has always been a subject of continuous development and renewal, from the management of reduction to the initial stage of the minimalist scheme, and to the segmental theory put forward by Chomsky (1999 / 2001 / 2004 / 2005 / 2008) in recent years. Generative linguistics always strives to make the operation of human language function conform to the law of organism and pursue the "economic principle" of nature. By adhering to the guiding principle of "simplicity and elegance", the section theory greatly simplifies the syntactic level and the operation of operations, overcomes the complicated confusion of the concepts in the previous theories and has a stronger explanatory power. Based on the rearrangement of the definition and classification of the Chinese existential sentence, this paper gives a unified explanation of the derivation and generation of the Chinese existential sentence under the framework of the segmental theory, and confirms that the Chinese existential sentence is a deep non-subject sentence. The beginning (time) of the sentence is an adverbial topic, and accepts the viewpoints of Pan Haihua (1996b), "erasure", "passivity" and Tian Yanyan (2008) "objectification of the agent" to deal with transitive verbs that enter the existential structure respectively. It is considered that both transitive verbs and non-ergative verbs in existential sentences are derived non-object verbs with non-object nature and feature assignment and feature deletion are used to deal with the case position of verb post-noun phrases.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2286924
[Abstract]:Existential sentence is a kind of special sentence structure, which has a cross-language nature. It is generally considered that its lower sentence pattern includes existential sentence and hidden sentence. Linguists at home and abroad have done in-depth research on English existential sentences. The research on Chinese existential sentences has also been a hot topic for generative linguists at home and abroad. We find that most of the previous researches on Chinese existential sentences are carried out under the framework of management reduction theory. The main problems of the research include the following aspects: 1. The generation mechanism of existential sentences. The grammatical position of the first phrase (subject confirmation); 3. The properties of existential verbs (non-objective case studies, argument studies); 4. The fugue problem and the definitional effect of the verb post-noun phrase. Although generative linguists have studied the above problems from different angles, they hold different opinions and have different opinions. Generative linguistics has always been a subject of continuous development and renewal, from the management of reduction to the initial stage of the minimalist scheme, and to the segmental theory put forward by Chomsky (1999 / 2001 / 2004 / 2005 / 2008) in recent years. Generative linguistics always strives to make the operation of human language function conform to the law of organism and pursue the "economic principle" of nature. By adhering to the guiding principle of "simplicity and elegance", the section theory greatly simplifies the syntactic level and the operation of operations, overcomes the complicated confusion of the concepts in the previous theories and has a stronger explanatory power. Based on the rearrangement of the definition and classification of the Chinese existential sentence, this paper gives a unified explanation of the derivation and generation of the Chinese existential sentence under the framework of the segmental theory, and confirms that the Chinese existential sentence is a deep non-subject sentence. The beginning (time) of the sentence is an adverbial topic, and accepts the viewpoints of Pan Haihua (1996b), "erasure", "passivity" and Tian Yanyan (2008) "objectification of the agent" to deal with transitive verbs that enter the existential structure respectively. It is considered that both transitive verbs and non-ergative verbs in existential sentences are derived non-object verbs with non-object nature and feature assignment and feature deletion are used to deal with the case position of verb post-noun phrases.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
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