基于语料库的现代汉语名转动词活用与兼类的比较研究
发布时间：2018-10-29 14:21
【摘要】：词语转类在各种语言现象中普遍存在。它指的是不经过任何词形变化直接用于其它词性的词。现代汉语中的名转动词现象一直是语言学家关注的焦点。回顾以往的研究可以发现,研究者们主要从结构主义语言学、转换生产语言学、认知语言学和功能语言学等不同的理论出发,对名转动词现象做出了不同程度的描写和解释,他们的研究对更好地理解这一语言现象有重要意义。 语言的转变处于一个持续变化的连续系统,而非一成不变的封闭系统。名词彻底转换为动词要经过活用和兼类两个阶段才能成功完成。活用具有临时性,是偶然出现的用法,词典不会对其活用词性加以标注;而兼类具有稳定性,词典上会对其新词性加以标注。以往研究多侧重于不同理论对名转动词现象的解释,对转换过程中处于活用和兼类这两个不同阶段的词语的使用特点则研究较少。 为弥补该不足,本文将借助《现代汉语词典》(第五版和第六版)以及北大汉语语料库(CCL)在以下方面做出有益尝试。第一,搜集第五版现代汉语词典中名转动词的活用词；第二,借助第六版现代汉语词典找出这些词中哪些已经变为兼类词;第三,对仍是活用词的和已经变为兼类的这两类词在北大汉语语料库中的语料进行比较和研究,通过定性和定量分析,对它们被用作动词的频率、分布以及语料来源进行比较,结果发现兼类被用作动词的平均频率大约是活用被用作动词的平均频率的十倍,而活用和兼类被用作动词的频率在不同的文本体裁中也呈现不同的特点。最后,本文借助认知语言‘学中的凸显理论和转喻对名转动词的活用和兼类做进一步比较,发现活用词的动词意义并不稳定,只适用于一些特定语境,而兼类词的动词意义比较固定,已成为中心词义的一部分。
[Abstract]:Word conversion is common in all kinds of language phenomena. It refers to words that are directly used in other parts of speech without any change in form. The phenomenon of noun-to-verb in modern Chinese has always been the focus of linguists. Looking back on previous studies, it is found that the researchers mainly describe and explain the phenomenon of noun transverbs in different degrees from different theories, such as structuralist linguistics, transformational linguistics, cognitive linguistics and functional linguistics, etc. Their research is important for a better understanding of this linguistic phenomenon. The transformation of language is in a continuous system of change, not in a fixed closed system. The complete transformation of nouns into verbs can be accomplished only through two stages: active and concurrent. The active use is temporary, it is an accidental usage, the dictionary will not mark its active part of speech, but the concurrent category has stability, and the dictionary will mark its new part of speech. Previous studies have focused on the explanation of the phenomenon of noun and transposable verbs in different theories, but less on the characteristics of the use of words in the two different stages of conversion. In order to remedy this deficiency, this paper will make a beneficial attempt in the following aspects with the help of the Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th and 6th Edition) and the Peking University Chinese Corpus (CCL). First, collect the living words of noun transverbs in the fifth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary; Second, with the help of the sixth edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary, we should find out which of these words have become concomitant words; Thirdly, we compare and study the two kinds of words which are still living words and have become two kinds of words in the Chinese corpus of Peking University. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, we compare the frequency, distribution and source of the verbs used as verbs. The results show that the average frequency of concurrent verbs is about ten times that of active verbs, and the frequency of active and concurrent verbs is different in different text genres. Finally, with the help of the salient theory in cognitive linguistics and metonymy, the author makes a further comparison between the active and concurrent categories of noun transverbs, and finds that the verb meaning of the functional verbs is not stable and can only be applied to some specific contexts. The verb meaning of both-class words is relatively fixed and has become a part of the central meaning.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2297937
[Abstract]:Word conversion is common in all kinds of language phenomena. It refers to words that are directly used in other parts of speech without any change in form. The phenomenon of noun-to-verb in modern Chinese has always been the focus of linguists. Looking back on previous studies, it is found that the researchers mainly describe and explain the phenomenon of noun transverbs in different degrees from different theories, such as structuralist linguistics, transformational linguistics, cognitive linguistics and functional linguistics, etc. Their research is important for a better understanding of this linguistic phenomenon. The transformation of language is in a continuous system of change, not in a fixed closed system. The complete transformation of nouns into verbs can be accomplished only through two stages: active and concurrent. The active use is temporary, it is an accidental usage, the dictionary will not mark its active part of speech, but the concurrent category has stability, and the dictionary will mark its new part of speech. Previous studies have focused on the explanation of the phenomenon of noun and transposable verbs in different theories, but less on the characteristics of the use of words in the two different stages of conversion. In order to remedy this deficiency, this paper will make a beneficial attempt in the following aspects with the help of the Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th and 6th Edition) and the Peking University Chinese Corpus (CCL). First, collect the living words of noun transverbs in the fifth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary; Second, with the help of the sixth edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary, we should find out which of these words have become concomitant words; Thirdly, we compare and study the two kinds of words which are still living words and have become two kinds of words in the Chinese corpus of Peking University. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, we compare the frequency, distribution and source of the verbs used as verbs. The results show that the average frequency of concurrent verbs is about ten times that of active verbs, and the frequency of active and concurrent verbs is different in different text genres. Finally, with the help of the salient theory in cognitive linguistics and metonymy, the author makes a further comparison between the active and concurrent categories of noun transverbs, and finds that the verb meaning of the functional verbs is not stable and can only be applied to some specific contexts. The verb meaning of both-class words is relatively fixed and has become a part of the central meaning.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 李尔钢;;兼类词的义项设置和词性标注问题[J];辞书研究;2006年03期
2 郑丽;现代汉语名词活用为动词的语义探微[J];闽江学院学报;2004年06期
，本文编号：2297937
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