中美外交部发言人发言中人际意义的跨文化研究
发布时间：2018-10-29 20:25
【摘要】：作为一个国家进行国内外新闻发布和舆论引导的重要媒介,外交新闻发布会在外交工作中有着重要地位。一场外交新闻发布会既包括记者的提问,也涵盖发言人的回答。记者代表新闻机构获取有价值的信息,发言人代表政府发布消息、表明立场。国内外对外交新闻发布会的研究主要集中于新闻学、公共关系学、政治学、修辞学、语用学等领域,而以系统功能语言学为理论框架的研究比较罕见。本文试图以系统功能语言学为研究框架,对中美外交发言人发言中的人际意义及其实现形式进行对比研究。并从霍夫斯泰德文化维度的角度分析两国外交发言人语言中人际意义及其实现形式异同的原因。语言的人际功能指语言不仅具有传递信息的功能,还可以用来表达说话者的身份、地位、态度、判断等。通过这一功能,说话者试图去建立并维持关系,并影响他人的态度和行为。运用于本文的人际意义实现方式包括:语气系统、情态系统以及人称系统。本文采取了定量分析和定性分析的研究方法,作者在中国外交部网站和美国国务院网站随机选取了2014年9月-2014年12月共30篇外交新闻发布会语篇作为语料。本文试图回答以下三个问题:1)中美外交发言人如何通过语气系统、情态系统以及人称系统实现其话语的人际功能?2)中美外交发言人发言中人际意义的实现形式有何异同?3)从霍夫斯泰德文化维度角度来看,造成中美外交发言人发言中人际意义实现形式差异的原因有哪些?通过对比研究,作者得出以下结论:第一,在语气系统、情态系统和人称系统的实现形式上,作者主要从言语功能、语气类型、情态类型、情态取向、情态量值、以及第一、第二、第三人称代词的具体实现形式上作出了详细的对比分析。第二,在对中美外交部发言人发言进行对比分析后,作者发现,中美外交部发言人均倾向于使用陈述句,较多使用第一人称代词,并更侧重于隐形取向来表达自身态度及观点。然而,美国外交发言人更趋向使用否定陈述句形式,低量值的情态词,第一人称代词“I”,并且更愿意使用隐形主观取向来表述观点。相反的,中国外交部发言人更多使用高量值情态词,第一人称代词“我们”,并在表述中倾向于使用隐形客观取向。第三,根据霍夫斯泰德的理论,中国属于高权力距离社会,存在高回避不确定性,倡导集体主义,男性化气质不明显且具备长期导向文化。而美国属于低权力距离社会,回避不确定性较低,倡导个人主义,具有明显的男性化气质和短期导向文化。这五种文化维度对不同国家人们的思想、行为、情感均产生了不同的影响。这也正是中美外交发言人发言中人际意义实现形式产生差异的重要原因。
[Abstract]:As an important medium for a country to publish news and guide public opinion at home and abroad, diplomatic press conference plays an important role in diplomatic work. A diplomatic press conference included questions from reporters as well as answers from speakers. Reporters on behalf of the news agencies to obtain valuable information, the spokesman on behalf of the government issued information, the position. The researches on diplomatic press conferences at home and abroad mainly focus on the fields of journalism, public relations, politics, rhetoric, pragmatics and so on. This paper attempts to make a contrastive study of interpersonal meaning and its realization in the speeches of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen in the framework of systemic functional linguistics. From the perspective of Hofstede's cultural dimension, this paper analyzes the differences and similarities of interpersonal meanings and their forms of realization in the two countries' foreign affairs spokesmen. Interpersonal function of language means that language not only has the function of transmitting information, but also can be used to express the identity, status, attitude and judgment of the speaker. Through this function, the speaker tries to establish and maintain relationships and influence the attitudes and behaviors of others. The realization of interpersonal meaning in this paper includes mood system, modality system and personal system. This paper adopts quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The author randomly selects 30 diplomatic press conference texts from September 2014 to December 2014 on the website of Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the website of the United States Department of State. This paper attempts to answer the following three questions: 1) how to use the tone system of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen, What are the similarities and differences in the realization of interpersonal meaning in the speeches of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen? 3) from the perspective of Hofstedt's cultural dimension, the modal system and the person system realize the interpersonal function of their utterances. What are the reasons for the differences in the form of interpersonal meaning realization in the speeches of Chinese and American foreign affairs spokesmen? Through the comparative study, the author draws the following conclusions: first, in the realization form of mood system, modality system and person system, the author mainly from the speech function, mood type, modality orientation, modality value, and first, Secondly, the third-person pronouns are compared and analyzed in detail. Secondly, after a comparative analysis of the statements made by Chinese and American Foreign Ministry spokesmen, the author finds that Chinese and American Foreign Ministry spokesmen tend to use declarative sentences, use first person pronouns more often, and focus more on implicit orientation to express their attitudes and opinions. However, American diplomatic spokesmen tend to use negative statements, low-value modal words and first-person pronoun "I", and prefer to express their views with implicit subjective orientation. On the contrary, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesmen tend to use high-value modal words and first-person pronoun "We", and tend to use invisible objective orientation in the expression. Thirdly, according to Hofstede's theory, China belongs to the society of high power distance, has high avoidance uncertainty, advocates collectivism, has not obvious masculine temperament and has long-term guiding culture. The United States belongs to the low power distance society, the avoidance uncertainty is low, advocates the individualism, has the obvious masculinity and the short-term guidance culture. These five cultural dimensions have different influences on people's thought, behavior and emotion in different countries. This is also an important reason for the differences in the form of interpersonal meaning realization in the speeches of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H315;H15
[Abstract]:As an important medium for a country to publish news and guide public opinion at home and abroad, diplomatic press conference plays an important role in diplomatic work. A diplomatic press conference included questions from reporters as well as answers from speakers. Reporters on behalf of the news agencies to obtain valuable information, the spokesman on behalf of the government issued information, the position. The researches on diplomatic press conferences at home and abroad mainly focus on the fields of journalism, public relations, politics, rhetoric, pragmatics and so on. This paper attempts to make a contrastive study of interpersonal meaning and its realization in the speeches of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen in the framework of systemic functional linguistics. From the perspective of Hofstede's cultural dimension, this paper analyzes the differences and similarities of interpersonal meanings and their forms of realization in the two countries' foreign affairs spokesmen. Interpersonal function of language means that language not only has the function of transmitting information, but also can be used to express the identity, status, attitude and judgment of the speaker. Through this function, the speaker tries to establish and maintain relationships and influence the attitudes and behaviors of others. The realization of interpersonal meaning in this paper includes mood system, modality system and personal system. This paper adopts quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. The author randomly selects 30 diplomatic press conference texts from September 2014 to December 2014 on the website of Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the website of the United States Department of State. This paper attempts to answer the following three questions: 1) how to use the tone system of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen, What are the similarities and differences in the realization of interpersonal meaning in the speeches of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen? 3) from the perspective of Hofstedt's cultural dimension, the modal system and the person system realize the interpersonal function of their utterances. What are the reasons for the differences in the form of interpersonal meaning realization in the speeches of Chinese and American foreign affairs spokesmen? Through the comparative study, the author draws the following conclusions: first, in the realization form of mood system, modality system and person system, the author mainly from the speech function, mood type, modality orientation, modality value, and first, Secondly, the third-person pronouns are compared and analyzed in detail. Secondly, after a comparative analysis of the statements made by Chinese and American Foreign Ministry spokesmen, the author finds that Chinese and American Foreign Ministry spokesmen tend to use declarative sentences, use first person pronouns more often, and focus more on implicit orientation to express their attitudes and opinions. However, American diplomatic spokesmen tend to use negative statements, low-value modal words and first-person pronoun "I", and prefer to express their views with implicit subjective orientation. On the contrary, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesmen tend to use high-value modal words and first-person pronoun "We", and tend to use invisible objective orientation in the expression. Thirdly, according to Hofstede's theory, China belongs to the society of high power distance, has high avoidance uncertainty, advocates collectivism, has not obvious masculine temperament and has long-term guiding culture. The United States belongs to the low power distance society, the avoidance uncertainty is low, advocates the individualism, has the obvious masculinity and the short-term guidance culture. These five cultural dimensions have different influences on people's thought, behavior and emotion in different countries. This is also an important reason for the differences in the form of interpersonal meaning realization in the speeches of Chinese and American diplomatic spokesmen.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H315;H15
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