副词“很”和“真”的对比及留学生使用偏误分析

发布时间：2018-11-03 15:20

【摘要】：现代汉语中，副词“很”和“真”使用非常频繁，因此，对于留学生来说，了解和掌握这两个词的用法非常重要。到目前为止，有许多学者对这两个词进行了详细、细致的研究，包括对各自词性、搭配的研究，以及对二者之间，或者与其他副词进行了辨析。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，通过大量语料，全面分析了留学生对二者的掌握情况，所产生的偏误进行解释并且尝试着提出解决方案。本文分为三部分：第一部分，关于副词“很”和“真”的专题研究和对比,包括确定词性及语义，词语搭配及语法成分。程度副词“很”表示陈述、描写或客观评价。语气副词“真”表示用加强语气的方式表达说话者的主观判断，表达不同的感情色彩。副词“很”和“真”都可以和形容词、动词组合。但是二者承担的语法成分有一些不同。另外，副词“很”可以放在“形容词/动词+得”后面，做句子的补语，而“真”没有这样的用法。第二部分，分析留学生对副词“很”和“真”的掌握情况。通过对大量留学生语料的整理和分析，按照正确和错误两方面来举例说明，，副词“真”+形容词的偏误比较多，真+动词、否定副词出现的偏误都比较少。副词“很”+形容词、动词的偏误都比较多。另外，在这些偏误中，有一大部分偏误是副词“真”误用为“很”,即该用“很”的地方却用了“真”。第三部分，副词“真”误用为“很”。通过对留学生偏误语料的分类分析，主要是从语义和语法两方面，寻找偏误原因，有目标语负迁移的影响，以及副词“很”和“真”的语义解释模糊等方面，最后尝试提出解决方案，通过一些具体的特征辨别使用环境，希望有助于留学生对“很”和“真”的理解和使用。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, adverbs "very" and "true" are used very frequently, so it is very important for foreign students to understand and master the usage of these two words. Up to now, many scholars have studied the two words in detail, including their parts of speech, collocation, and the discrimination between them and other adverbs. On the basis of the previous research results, this paper, through a large number of language materials, comprehensively analyzes the foreign students' understanding of the two, explains the errors and tries to put forward solutions. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is about the special research and comparison of adverbs "Shi" and "Zhen", including the determination of part of speech and semantics, collocation and grammatical elements. The adverb "very" indicates a statement, description, or objective evaluation. The mood adverb "Zhen" means expressing the speaker's subjective judgment and expressing different emotional colors. Adverbs "very" and "true" can be combined with adjectives and verbs. But there are some differences between them in their grammatical elements. In addition, the adverb "very" can be placed after "adjective / verb have" as a complement to the sentence, and "true" has no such use. The second part, analyzes the foreign students'understanding of adverbs "very" and "true". Through the collation and analysis of a large number of foreign students' corpus, it is illustrated that there are more errors in the adverb "true" adjectives and fewer errors in the true verbs and negative adverbs according to the two aspects of right and wrong. Adverbs "very" adjectives, verbs are more biased. In addition, in these errors, there is a large part of the adverb "true" misuse as "very", that is, the use of "very" but the use of "true". In the third part, the adverb "True" is misused as "very". Through the classification and analysis of the foreign students' error data, it is mainly from the semantic and grammatical aspects to find out the causes of the errors, the influence of the negative transfer of the target language, and the ambiguity of semantic interpretation of the adverbs "very" and "true", etc. Finally, the author tries to put forward a solution to distinguish the use environment through some specific features, hoping to help the students understand and use "very" and "true".
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】