《俄罗斯联邦民族语言法》研究
发布时间：2018-11-15 18:25
【摘要】：世界全球化的趋势导致世界走向雷同与模仿,英语、法语、俄语一些强势语言挤压弱势语言的生存空间,语言的种类减少。据联合国教科文组织统计,至本世纪末,世界将有一半以上的语言会消失,而民族语言文字是民族生存的标志,各国在维护国家统一和国语地位的准则下,以尽量维护民族语言的语言权,实现文化多样性为目的,出台了一系列关于语言和文字的法律、法规。 俄罗斯在其长期的领土扩张过程中,建立了多民族、多语言的国家,苏联推行“俄罗斯化”“俄语化”政策,许多民族语言,如哈萨克语、鞑靼语等被迫使用基里尔字母,民族语的生存状态被忽视。积累的民族、语言问题最终成为苏联解体的导火索。苏联解体后,不仅前加盟共和国纷纷实施“去俄语化”政策,而且在俄罗斯内部的各共和国也掀起了这样一种风潮,纷纷要求语言的独立,各民族语言背负了沉重的政治和权力斗争的“包袱”。 在这种背景下,俄罗斯联邦和鞑靼斯坦共和国分别制定了《俄罗斯联邦民族语言法》和《鞑靼斯坦共和国民族语言法》,对它们的研究对于保护语言多样性有很好的借鉴意义。 本文第一章介绍了研究意义、研究方法、研究现状。第二章论述了俄罗斯联邦制定该法的民族和语言方面的现实需求及其理论基础。俄罗斯多民族和多语言的现状,俄语与民族语言之间的、民族语言相互间的矛盾和冲突,以及苏联解体后呈现出的复杂的社会背景,这些都是该法制定的现实要求。语言权在国际范围内受到一定的承认和重视,语言权是《俄罗斯联邦民族语言法》制定的理论基础。第三章重点讲述了该法制定的基本原则、该法的基本内容和修改,该法在坚持俄语国语地位基础上,以平等的精神,保护、传承各民族语言,保证民族语言的使用。该法基本内容明确了语言平等,规定了语言在各个部门、机关、场合的使用和违犯语言法应负的责任。第四章则以鞑靼斯坦共和国民族语言法的实施作为案例分析,探析在实施过程中出现的部分问题,进而反映出俄罗斯联邦民族语言法的实施状况,并加以总结。 《俄罗斯联邦民族语言法》对于保护俄罗斯联邦语言多样性起到了一定的作用,但实施情况并不理想,民族语言的生存空间仍然受到挤压,保护语言多样性任重而道远。
[Abstract]:The trend of globalization in the world leads the world to imitate and imitate. Some strong languages such as English French and Russian squeeze the living space of weak languages and reduce the kinds of languages. According to UNESCO statistics, by the end of this century, more than half of the world's languages will disappear, and the national languages and characters are the symbols of national survival. Under the norms of safeguarding national unity and the status of the national language, In order to protect the language rights of national languages and achieve cultural diversity, a series of laws and regulations on languages and characters were issued. In the course of its long-term territorial expansion, Russia established a multi-ethnic and multilingual state. The Soviet Union carried out a policy of "Russianization" and many national languages, such as Kazakh and Tatar, were forced to use the Kirill alphabet. The state of existence of the national language is ignored. The accumulated ethnic and linguistic problems eventually became the trigger for the disintegration of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, not only did the former republics implement the policy of "de-Russian" one after another, but all the republics within Russia also set off such a trend, demanding language independence one after another. National languages bear a heavy burden of political and power struggle. In this context, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan have formulated the Law on the National languages of the Russian Federation and the Law on the National languages of the Republic of Tatarstan, respectively. The first chapter introduces the significance of the research, research methods, research status. The second chapter discusses the ethnic and linguistic needs of the Russian Federation and its theoretical basis. The present situation of multi-ethnic and multilingual Russia, the contradictions and conflicts between Russian and national languages, and the complicated social background after the disintegration of the Soviet Union are all the practical requirements for the formulation of this law. The right to language is recognized and valued in the international scope, and it is the theoretical basis of the formulation of the Law on National languages of the Russian Federation. The third chapter focuses on the basic principles of the law, the basic contents and amendments of the law. On the basis of upholding the status of the Russian language, the law protects and inherits the national languages and ensures the use of the national languages in the spirit of equality. The basic content of the law clarifies the equality of language, and stipulates the use of language in all departments, organs and occasions and the responsibility for violating the language law. The fourth chapter takes the implementation of the Tatarstan National language Law as a case study, analyzes some problems in the process of implementation, and then reflects the implementation of the Russian Federation National language Law, and summarizes it. The Law on the National languages of the Russian Federation has played a certain role in protecting the linguistic diversity of the Russian Federation, but the implementation is not satisfactory, the living space of the national languages is still being squeezed, and the task of protecting the diversity of languages is heavy and long.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H002
本文编号：2334090
[Abstract]:The trend of globalization in the world leads the world to imitate and imitate. Some strong languages such as English French and Russian squeeze the living space of weak languages and reduce the kinds of languages. According to UNESCO statistics, by the end of this century, more than half of the world's languages will disappear, and the national languages and characters are the symbols of national survival. Under the norms of safeguarding national unity and the status of the national language, In order to protect the language rights of national languages and achieve cultural diversity, a series of laws and regulations on languages and characters were issued. In the course of its long-term territorial expansion, Russia established a multi-ethnic and multilingual state. The Soviet Union carried out a policy of "Russianization" and many national languages, such as Kazakh and Tatar, were forced to use the Kirill alphabet. The state of existence of the national language is ignored. The accumulated ethnic and linguistic problems eventually became the trigger for the disintegration of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, not only did the former republics implement the policy of "de-Russian" one after another, but all the republics within Russia also set off such a trend, demanding language independence one after another. National languages bear a heavy burden of political and power struggle. In this context, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan have formulated the Law on the National languages of the Russian Federation and the Law on the National languages of the Republic of Tatarstan, respectively. The first chapter introduces the significance of the research, research methods, research status. The second chapter discusses the ethnic and linguistic needs of the Russian Federation and its theoretical basis. The present situation of multi-ethnic and multilingual Russia, the contradictions and conflicts between Russian and national languages, and the complicated social background after the disintegration of the Soviet Union are all the practical requirements for the formulation of this law. The right to language is recognized and valued in the international scope, and it is the theoretical basis of the formulation of the Law on National languages of the Russian Federation. The third chapter focuses on the basic principles of the law, the basic contents and amendments of the law. On the basis of upholding the status of the Russian language, the law protects and inherits the national languages and ensures the use of the national languages in the spirit of equality. The basic content of the law clarifies the equality of language, and stipulates the use of language in all departments, organs and occasions and the responsibility for violating the language law. The fourth chapter takes the implementation of the Tatarstan National language Law as a case study, analyzes some problems in the process of implementation, and then reflects the implementation of the Russian Federation National language Law, and summarizes it. The Law on the National languages of the Russian Federation has played a certain role in protecting the linguistic diversity of the Russian Federation, but the implementation is not satisfactory, the living space of the national languages is still being squeezed, and the task of protecting the diversity of languages is heavy and long.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H002
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