《雷雨》的言语行为转喻研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 08:38

【摘要】：本文以曹禺的话剧《雷雨》中为语料对象,从言语行为转喻的角度分析《雷雨》中指令类、承诺类、表情类、宣告类和阐述类的言语行为各结构的使用情况。首先,以Panther和Thornburg (1997,1998,1999)的言语行为转喻理论为基础,把一个言语行为分为三个部分：前段、核心及结果段、后段。其次,结合Searle (1969,1975)的四个“适切条件”来定义五类言语行为的结构。最后,在上述两部分的基础上提出各类言语行为及其结构的分类标准,把《雷雨》中的语料分为五类言语行为,即：指令类、承诺类、表情类、宣告类以及阐述类言语行为,和六种使用结构,即：前段、核心段、后段、前段+核心段+后段、前段+核心段以及核心段+后段,并统计出各结构的使用频率。具体地说,本研究要解决以下两个问题： (1)《雷雨》中主要人物对言语行为结构的使用频率是怎样的? (2)使用频率最高的结构与核心结构的关系如何? (3)使用结构的数量与转喻力度的关系如何? 通过对《雷雨》中的主要人物对言语行为各类结构使用情况的分析,有以下几点发现：首先,在指令类、表情类、宣告类和阐述类的言语行为使用中,核心段结构出现的频率最高,使用频率居其次的由于言语行为的不同而有所差异：在指令类和阐述类言语行为中,前段结构的频率居第二；而表情类和宣告类的言语行为中居其次则是后段结构。在承诺类言语行为中,后段结构的使用频率最高,而核心段结构的使用频率则居第二。其次,复合结构核心段+前段的使用在指令类、表述类、宣告类和阐述类中出现的频率最高；而核心段+后段则在承诺类行为的使用中最为频繁。最后,根据言语行为转喻理论的观点以及本文的分析,核心结构通常得到优先使用,因为其能直接快速的表达说话者的意图；而在承诺类言语行为中,使用后段才更能体现说话者所做出的承诺。本文的创新之处在于,同时对指令类、承诺类、表述类、宣告类和阐述类等言语行为的使用情况进行了深入的分析,得出与前人研究的不同之处。其次,本文认知和语用两个方面,以及大量的语料分析基础上,对言语行为转喻理论进行深入的分析和细致的探讨,不仅提高了言语行为转喻理论的信度和效度,还为其他学者从不同的方面和不同的语料对此理论的验证和修改提供了一定的参考依据。最后,本文对话剧的理解和外语教学方面也提供了一些指导,在语言学习的过程中,如果教师能恰当应用这些理论进行教学,对学生的学习和知识的拓展具有一定的帮助。
[Abstract]:Taking Cao Yu's play "thunderstorm" as the corpus, this paper analyzes the use of the structure of the speech acts in the "thunderstorm" from the perspective of speech act metonymy, such as command class, commitment class, expression class, proclamation class and exposition type. Firstly, based on the theory of speech act metonymy proposed by Panther and Thornburg (1997 / 1998 / 1999), a speech act is divided into three parts: the front paragraph, the core and the result paragraph, and the latter part. Secondly, the structure of five types of speech acts is defined by Searle (1969 / 1975) with four "appropriate conditions". Finally, on the basis of the above two parts, the classification criteria of various speech acts and their structures are put forward. The corpus in thunderstorm is divided into five categories: command, commitment, expression, proclamation and exposition. And six kinds of structures, namely, the front segment, the core segment, the posterior segment, the front core segment and the core segment posterior segment, are used, and the frequency of each structure is calculated. Specifically, This study aims to solve the following two problems: (1) what is the frequency of the main characters' use of the speech act structure in thunderstorm? (2) the relationship between the most frequently used structure and the core structure How? (3) what is the relationship between the number of structures used and the strength of metonymy? Based on the analysis of the use of various types of speech acts by the main characters in thunderstorm, the following conclusions can be found: first, in the use of speech acts of instruction, expression, proclamation and exposition, The frequency of core segment structure is the highest, and the frequency of use is the second, because of the difference of speech act: in the command type and exposition type speech act, the frequency of the front segment structure is the second; In the speech acts of facial expression and proclamation, the latter is the second. In the speech acts of commitment, the latter segment structure is the most frequently used, while the core segment structure is the second. Secondly, the use of the front segment of the core segment of the composite structure is the highest in the instruction class, the declarative class and the elaboration class, while the latter part of the core segment is the most frequently used in the behavior of the commitment class. Finally, according to the theory of speech act metonymy and the analysis of this paper, the core structure is usually given priority because it can express the speaker's intention directly and quickly. But in the speech act of commitment, the latter paragraph can better reflect the commitment made by the speaker. The innovation of this paper lies in the in-depth analysis of the use of speech acts such as instruction class, commitment class, expression class, declarative class and exposition class. Secondly, on the basis of cognitive and pragmatic aspects and a large amount of corpus analysis, this paper makes a thorough analysis and detailed discussion on speech act metonymy theory, which not only improves the reliability and validity of speech act metonymy theory, but also improves the validity of speech act metonymy theory. It also provides some references for other scholars to verify and modify the theory from different aspects and different corpus. Finally, this paper also provides some guidance for the understanding of drama and foreign language teaching. In the process of language learning, if teachers can apply these theories to teaching properly, it will be helpful for students to learn and expand their knowledge.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15;H136

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