汉语空主语的生成语法研究
发布时间：2018-12-13 19:46
【摘要】：空语类概念是乔姆斯基在上个世纪八十年代提出的。空语类现象反映了与人类语言有关的心智模式,对其的研究是原则参数模式研究的重要组成部分。 空语类共分四类,空主语是其中之一,指没有语音形式而有语义内容的主语成分,生成语法学认为空主语主要由大代号PRO和小代号pro组成。大代号PRO往往位于非限定句的主语位置,因为句中只有这个位置不受管辖。控制理论负责PRO的所指问题,有主语控制、部分控制和任意控制等控制类型。小代号pro主要出现在限定句的主语位置,它的所指由动词中心语和主目语之间的一致性特征决定。允许pro存在的语言被称为“主语脱落语言(pro-drop language)",主语脱落语言一般具有丰富的形态系统。 空主语理论的提出引起了语言学界的极大关注。但其相关经典理论主要建立在对英语、意大利语等印欧语言的研究之上,因此很多语言学者曾用各自的本土语言对空主语理论进行验证。鉴于此,本文亦以汉语空主语为研究对象,主要在管辖约束理论框架内,利用题元、主目、约束、控制等概念分析汉语空主语的分类、分布及所指问题。文中以定性分析为主,引用了大量的生成语法著作中的经典例子和日常生活中的典型句子作为分析材料.。 与英语相同,汉语亦有限定句与非限定句之分,而且汉语空主语也可分为大代号PRO和小代号pro两类。限定句中的动词允许时间副词的出现,非限定句则不可。PRO主要出现在动词兼语结构、动词补语结构和动词主语结构等非限定句的主语位置,不可词汇化；pro出现在限定句的主语位置,可词汇化。对同一个PRO汉语可以同时有主语控制、任意控制和隐性控制等多种解读方式,不同的解读方式建立在不同的语境因素之上。虽然汉语没有丰富的形态系统,很多学者认为汉语仍是主语脱落语言,汉语的pro所指解读更是依赖于具体的语境因素。
[Abstract]:The concept of empty category was put forward by Chomsky in the 1980 s. The phenomenon of empty language reflects the mental model related to human language, and its research is an important part of the study of principle parameter model. Empty subject is one of the four categories of empty language. It refers to the subject component which has semantic content without phonetic form. Generative grammar holds that the empty subject is mainly composed of large code name PRO and small code name pro. Large-code PRO is often located in the subject position of an unqualified sentence because it is the only one in the sentence that is not subject to jurisdiction. The theory of control is responsible for the problem of PRO, including subject control, partial control and arbitrary control. The small symbol pro mainly appears in the position of the subject of the qualified sentence, and its reference is determined by the consistency between the verb head and the subject. The language that allows pro to exist is called "pro-drop language", and the subject-exfoliative language generally has a rich morphological system. The theory of empty subject has aroused great concern in the field of linguistics. However, the relevant classical theories are mainly based on the study of Indo-European languages such as English and Italian, so many linguists have used their native languages to verify the empty subject theory. In view of this, this article also takes the Chinese empty subject as the research object, mainly in the jurisdiction constraint theory frame, uses the question element, the main object, the constraint, the control and so on the concept analysis Chinese empty subject classification, the distribution and the indication question. In this paper, a large number of classic examples in generative grammatical works and typical sentences in daily life are cited as analytical materials. As in English, there are also qualified and unqualified sentences in Chinese, and the empty subjects in Chinese can be divided into two categories: PRO with large code name and pro with small code name. The verb in the qualified sentence allows the appearance of the temporal adverb, but the unqualified sentence can not. PRO mainly appears in the verb adjunct structure, the verb complement structure and the verb subject structure, etc. The subject position of the unqualified sentence can not be lexicalized. Pro appears in the position of subject of a qualified sentence and can be lexicalized. For the same PRO Chinese, there are many kinds of interpretation methods, such as subject control, arbitrary control and implicit control, and different interpretation methods are based on different contextual factors. Although there is no abundant morphological system in Chinese, many scholars believe that Chinese is still the language of subject exfoliation, and the interpretation of Chinese pro refers to depends on specific contextual factors.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2377113
[Abstract]:The concept of empty category was put forward by Chomsky in the 1980 s. The phenomenon of empty language reflects the mental model related to human language, and its research is an important part of the study of principle parameter model. Empty subject is one of the four categories of empty language. It refers to the subject component which has semantic content without phonetic form. Generative grammar holds that the empty subject is mainly composed of large code name PRO and small code name pro. Large-code PRO is often located in the subject position of an unqualified sentence because it is the only one in the sentence that is not subject to jurisdiction. The theory of control is responsible for the problem of PRO, including subject control, partial control and arbitrary control. The small symbol pro mainly appears in the position of the subject of the qualified sentence, and its reference is determined by the consistency between the verb head and the subject. The language that allows pro to exist is called "pro-drop language", and the subject-exfoliative language generally has a rich morphological system. The theory of empty subject has aroused great concern in the field of linguistics. However, the relevant classical theories are mainly based on the study of Indo-European languages such as English and Italian, so many linguists have used their native languages to verify the empty subject theory. In view of this, this article also takes the Chinese empty subject as the research object, mainly in the jurisdiction constraint theory frame, uses the question element, the main object, the constraint, the control and so on the concept analysis Chinese empty subject classification, the distribution and the indication question. In this paper, a large number of classic examples in generative grammatical works and typical sentences in daily life are cited as analytical materials. As in English, there are also qualified and unqualified sentences in Chinese, and the empty subjects in Chinese can be divided into two categories: PRO with large code name and pro with small code name. The verb in the qualified sentence allows the appearance of the temporal adverb, but the unqualified sentence can not. PRO mainly appears in the verb adjunct structure, the verb complement structure and the verb subject structure, etc. The subject position of the unqualified sentence can not be lexicalized. Pro appears in the position of subject of a qualified sentence and can be lexicalized. For the same PRO Chinese, there are many kinds of interpretation methods, such as subject control, arbitrary control and implicit control, and different interpretation methods are based on different contextual factors. Although there is no abundant morphological system in Chinese, many scholars believe that Chinese is still the language of subject exfoliation, and the interpretation of Chinese pro refers to depends on specific contextual factors.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
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