汉语形式单位的部分代整体研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 04:23

【摘要】：自亚里士多德时期起,传统研究一直认为转喻是词语之间的相互借代,是一种文学修辞手段。随着认知语言学的发展,现代语言学家经过更深入的研究,发现转喻是一种认知机制。汉语形式单位的部分代整体现象无处不在,它属于转喻的范畴,即部分代整体。大多数学者从传统缩略视角对其进行了研究,本文试从认知视角研究此现象。本文以概念转喻、百科知识、语境以及语言的经济性原则为理论基础,综合运用定性与定量相结合的方法,对从字典、报刊杂志及网络上搜集到的汉语形式单位的部分代整体语料进行分析,试图探究其生成机制及语用功能。首先本文基于转喻的基本理论知识以及对语料的分析简单定义汉语形式单位的部分代整体现象,即用形式单位中最具显著特征的、与整体邻近性更强的部分代整体,并根据其构成特点将其分为四类：简单的部分代整体、部分代整体后重叠、部分代整体后谐音、超常的部分代整体。接着一一概述这四类的生成机制及语用效果,即形式单位中哪一部分代整体以及能够替代的原因。简单的部分代整体基于转喻的邻近性原则用与整体邻近性大的部分(语素或者词)代整体,以达到简洁明了的效果；部分代整体后重叠则用与整体邻近性大的部分代整体然后再重叠,以达到轻松诙谐的效果；部分代整体后谐音是基于转喻的邻近性以及部分代整体后的新形式单位与已有形式单位的语音邻近性,使其更具表达力也能给人耳目一新的感觉；超常的部分代整体中部分跟整体的邻近性似乎不那么明显,是通过连续转喻实现的,并且只有拥有一定百科知识的言语使用者在特定语境中才能理解,其中代替整体的部分在整个形式单位中最具显著性特征或者是能与已有的形式单位形成强烈反差,以达到简洁、新颖以及出人意料的表达效果,给人强烈的冲击力。通过依据语料选取代表性的例子,本文论证得出汉语形式单位的部分代整体最基本的原则是部分与整体的邻近性以及语言的经济性,并总结出汉语形式单位部分代整体的机制及语用功能。
[Abstract]:Since Aristotle's time, metonymy has been regarded as a literary rhetorical device. With the development of cognitive linguistics, modern linguists find that metonymy is a cognitive mechanism. The phenomenon of partial generation of Chinese formal units is ubiquitous and belongs to the category of metonymy, that is, part of the whole. Most scholars study this phenomenon from the perspective of traditional acronyms, and this paper tries to study this phenomenon from the perspective of cognition. Based on the theory of conceptual metonymy, encyclopedic knowledge, context and the economic principle of language, this paper makes use of the method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, In order to explore the generation mechanism and pragmatic function of Chinese formal units, some generation data of Chinese formal units collected from newspapers, magazines and the Internet are analyzed. First of all, based on the basic theoretical knowledge of metonymy and the analysis of the corpus, this paper simply defines the whole phenomenon of partial generation of Chinese formal units, that is, using the most prominent features of formal units, which are more closely related to the whole. It can be divided into four categories according to its characteristics: simple partial whole, partial whole overlap, partial whole afterharmonic, supernormal partial whole. Then it summarizes the generative mechanism and pragmatic effect of these four types, that is, which part of the formal unit is the whole generation and why it can be replaced. The simple part of the whole is based on the principle of metonymy proximity to the whole part (morpheme or word) in order to achieve a concise and clear effect; In order to achieve the relaxed and witty effect, part of the whole is overlapped with the whole of the whole and then overlapped with the whole of the whole. Part of the whole after homonymy is based on the proximity of metonymy and the phonetic proximity of the new form unit and the existing form unit, which makes it more expressive and refreshing. The proximity of the part of the supernormal part of the whole to the whole seems less obvious, is achieved through continuous metonymy, and can only be understood in a particular context by a speech user with a certain amount of encyclopedic knowledge. The part which replaces the whole has the most remarkable characteristic in the whole form unit or can form the strong contrast with the existing form unit, in order to achieve the succinct, new and unexpected expression effect, give a strong impact. By selecting representative examples from the corpus, this paper demonstrates that the most basic principle of Chinese formal units is the proximity of part to the whole and the economy of language. It also summarizes the mechanism and pragmatic functions of Chinese formal units as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H15

【参考文献】