现代汉语“别说”的句法、语义及语用功能研究

发布时间：2019-02-21 12:09

【摘要】：“别说”是现代汉语中一个复杂的语言单位。前人对“别说”的研究多集中在两个方面。一是对“别说”性质的判定,并且认为：“别说”具有动词短语性质、连词性质及话语标记性质。其次是对“别说”复句的认知,认为“别说”复句属于递进复句。到目前为止,学术界对“别说”的研究以分支型研究为主,尚未发现有对“别说”进行综合考察和总结的文章。本文根据从北京大学中国语言学研究中心检索得到的语料,采用解释和描写相结合、定量和定性相结合的分析方法,欲从语法、语义和语用角度对“别说”的句法特征、语义特征、语用功能进行尽可能详尽、全面地研究。从共时层面考察“别说”我们可以发现,动词短语、连词、话语标记性质的“别说”在现代汉语中共存。本文重点构拟了“别说”语法化的途径：动词短语“别说1”同时往两条不同路径发生语法化,得到连词“别说2”和话语标记“别说3”。在考察话语标记“别说3”的过程中,本文还分析了其下位子类焦点标记“别说4”,认为它的作用在于标明和凸显其后的语用焦点的程度高到难以言说的地步。连词“别说2”的句法特征：多出现在复句的前一分句且常和关联词搭配使用；其后连接体词性成分和谓词性成分及小句。本文以“别说2”递进复句的代表格式“别说A B,就连C也D”为考察对象,分析了它的语义特征：被描写判断项A、C处于同语义场且两者之间有一定量级差；描写判断项B、D处于同一语义范畴。从语用功能来考察“别说2”递进复句,认为它的语用功能表现在：表达说话人对“别说：”后接事物的“贬低轻视”或“抬高排除”。论文最后考察了话语标记“别说3”。话语标记“别说3”的句法特征包括：首先它有多个语用变体,语用变体通过两种途径得到,即：单个/多个副词+“别说3”或者你(您)+单个/多个副词+“别说3”。其次它可出现在句首或句中；第三它可自由连接多种句类。话语标记“别说3”在不同语篇、句段中的语用功能：加强篇章衔接、表达意外之情等。
[Abstract]:Don't speak is a complicated language unit in modern Chinese. Previous studies on Don't say have focused on two aspects. The first is to judge the nature of "don't say" and think that "don't say" has the nature of verb phrase, conjunction and discourse mark. The second part is the cognition of "don't say" complex sentence, that is, "don't say" complex sentence belongs to progressive complex sentence. Up to now, the academic research on "don't say" is mainly about branching research, but there is no comprehensive investigation and summary of "don't say". Based on the data retrieved from the Center of Chinese Linguistics of Peking University, this paper adopts an analytical method of combining interpretation and description, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and tries to analyze the syntactic features of "Don't say" from the grammatical, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Semantic features and pragmatic functions are studied in detail and in a comprehensive manner. From a synchronic point of view, we can find that verb phrases, conjunctions and discourse markers coexist in modern Chinese. This paper focuses on the grammaticalization of "don't say": the verb phrase "don't say 1" is grammaticalized along two different paths at the same time, and the conjunction "don't say 2" and the discourse marker "don't say 3" are obtained. In the course of studying the discourse marker "Don't say 3", this paper also analyzes its subcategory focus marker "don't say 4", and holds that its function is to indicate and highlight the subsequent pragmatic focus to the extent that it is difficult to say. The syntactic features of conjunctions "Don't say 2" are as follows: most of them appear in the preceding clause of complex sentence and are often used in conjunction with relative words, and then the part of speech component and predicate component and clause of connective aspect are used. This paper analyzes the semantic characteristics of "Don't say A B, even C and D", the representative format of "Don't say 2" progressive complex sentence, and analyzes its semantic characteristics: the described judgment term AHOC is in the same semantic field and there is a certain amount of difference between the two; The description judgment term BFD is in the same semantic category. This paper examines the progressive complex sentence of "Don't say 2" in terms of its pragmatic function, and points out that its pragmatic function is to express the speaker's "belittling" or "elevation exclusion" of "don't say:" followed by things. Finally, the thesis examines the discourse marker "Don't say 3". The syntactic features of discourse marker "Don't say 3" include: first of all, it has multiple pragmatic variants, which are obtained through two ways: single / multiple adverbs "Don't say 3" or you (you) single / multiple adverbs "Don't say 3". Second, it can appear at the beginning or in the sentence; third, it can freely connect with a variety of sentence classes. The pragmatic functions of the discourse marker "Don't say 3" in different discourse and sentence paragraphs are as follows: strengthening cohesion, expressing surprise and so on.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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