名词谓语句的认知语义研究

发布时间：2019-02-28 12:07

【摘要】：近年来，名词谓语句这种简单而又特殊的汉语句型引起了学者们的兴趣，并且成为汉语研究的一个热点话题。前贤及时贤对名词性谓语句进行了大量的描写，但对于像名词性谓语句的形成途径及其机制这种关键性问题的研究仍然比较欠缺，尤其是从认知角度的研究，以致一些学者将几类从语言感知的角度来说差异很大的句子看成是同质的名词性谓语句。可见，对名词性谓语句的形成途径及其机制进行深入研究十分必要。本文在归纳总结前人对于名词谓语句研究的基础上，对名词谓语句的语义特点与形成从认知方面作了进一步的解释与说明。名词谓语句所展现的特点有：1.名词谓语围绕主语进行说明与描述；2.名词谓语在语义上都表现出了一定的层次性，这一层次性使得心里扫描以及顺序义成为可能。在名词谓语句的语义构成上，我们发现，名词谓语句的主语和谓语在语义上呈现出侧面和基底的关系。无论一个什么个体，它总是与其他事物相联系的，并且总是具有自己的特点。名词谓语句中的主语也是这样。这一特点使得主语往往作为谓语所要表达内容的一个基底。我们以主语为中心，描述关于主语的不同方面的内容就是我们所要突出的方面。名词谓语句，就其凸显的语义关系来说，可以分为关系类，性状类和行为类。每一类突出了主语所指事物不同方面的特点。那么到底是什么样的原因影响了名词谓语句的形成？为什么不是所有名词都可以作谓语？根据名词谓语句谓词的结构特点，本文采用非范畴化理论来解释名词作谓语的现象。有些名词具有极强的描述性意义，，本身就能够充当谓语，比如数量结构的名词；有些名词借助其他谓词性结构或语境从而具有描述性意义，能够充当谓语。本文的研究成果，为进一步研究名词性谓语句的形成途径及其机制奠定了基础，对名词性谓语句的类型学研究以及语言普遍规律研究有一定的借鉴意义，并且对人们有意识地掌握富有表现力的名词性谓语句有现实意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, noun-predicate sentence, a simple and special Chinese sentence pattern, has aroused the interest of scholars, and has become a hot topic in Chinese research. The former sages did a great deal of description to the nominal predicate sentence in time, but the research on the key problems such as the formation way and the mechanism of the nominal predicate sentence is still lacking, especially from the cognitive point of view. As a result, some scholars regard several kinds of sentences which differ greatly from the perspective of language perception as homogenous nominal predicate sentences. Therefore, it is necessary to study the formation and mechanism of nominal predicate sentence. On the basis of summarizing the previous researches on noun predicate sentence, this paper gives a further explanation and explanation on the semantic characteristics and formation of noun predicate sentence from the perspective of cognition. The features of noun-predicate statements are as follows: 1. Noun predicates are described and described around the subject; 2. Noun predicates all show a certain level in semantics, which makes it possible to scan and arrange the meaning of nouns. In terms of semantic composition of noun-predicate sentence, we find that the subject and predicate of noun-predicate sentence have a semantic relationship between side and base. No matter what individual, it is always associated with other things, and always has its own characteristics. The same is true of subjects in noun-predicate statements. This feature makes the subject often serve as a base for the content to be expressed by the predicate. We focus on the subject, describing the different aspects of the subject is what we want to highlight. Noun-predicate sentence can be divided into relation class, character class and behavior class as far as its prominent semantic relationship is concerned. Each class highlights the characteristics of different aspects of the subject. So what is the reason that affects the formation of noun-predicate sentence? Why can't all nouns be predicates? According to the structure characteristics of predicate of noun predicate, this paper uses the theory of non-categorization to explain the phenomenon of noun as predicate. Some nouns have very strong descriptive meaning and can act as predicates, such as quantitative structure nouns, and some nouns can act as predicates by virtue of other predicate structures or contexts. The research results of this paper have laid a foundation for further research on the formation and mechanism of nominal predicate sentences, and have certain reference significance to the typology research of nominal predicate sentences and the study of general rules of language. And it has practical significance for people to grasp the expressive nominal predicate sentence consciously.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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