“谁A谁B”构式研究
发布时间：2019-03-21 18:31
【摘要】：紧缩是现代汉语中普遍存在的语言现象,为了表义的清晰和语言的经济,越来越多的复句出现了紧缩现象,其中条件句的紧缩现象最为普遍。“谁A谁B”紧缩构式是一个常见的条件紧缩构式,一般用于说话者给出假定的预设和情景,使说话者在具备激活情景条件或处于激活条件的状态下享有某种权利或承担某种后果,从而达到鼓励或警示的作用。 本文也将以构式语法为理论基础,并结合认知语法,对紧缩构式“谁A谁B”进行较为全面的研究。“谁A谁B”构式是表倚变关系的充分条件构式,表达一个未然事件。当某个范围内的人发出某个动作或处于某个状态时,这个人将处于另一个动作或状态。因此该构式的条件义对于变量A、B的选择导致只有表示动作性状发生变化的谓词或谓词性结构才能进入该构式。同时,根据构式理论,“谁A谁B”构式是一个抽象图式构式,表达抽象条件事件,允准表倚变的疑问代词“谁”,A和B由其他构式允准。其次,鉴于构式是基于运用的语言单位,我们认为构式是在语用过程中形成的,其语用动因是经济性,语用预设是说话人通过条件假设情景表达自己的态度,语用焦点在于“谁A”表达的条件义,篇章功能在于对上下文的衔接和对语体的选择。再次,该构式的形成离不开认知分析,“谁A谁B”构式的认知动因是对于条件的凸显以及人类的完形心理,并概括了该构式所隐含的三种认知图式：填补缺失、倚变增量和砍除冗余；认为“谁A谁B”构式的形成离不开历时的发展,疑问代词“谁”的虚化和复句的紧缩过程都是该构式的形成原因,认为疑问代词“谁”的复用所组构的条件构式形成过程可以归纳为该类紧缩的一个范式。
[Abstract]:Austerity is a common language phenomenon in modern Chinese. For the sake of clarity of meaning and economy of language, more and more complex sentences appear austerity phenomenon, among which the contraction of conditional sentences is the most common. The "who A who B" compact structure is a common conditional contraction construct that is generally used by speakers to give presuppositions and scenarios. In order to encourage or warn the speaker, the speaker can enjoy certain rights or bear certain consequences under the condition of activating the situation or being in the condition of activation. On the basis of Constructional Grammar and Cognitive Grammar, this paper makes a comprehensive study of "who is A and B" of Contractive Construction. The "who A, who B" structure is a sufficient conditional construct of the relation between the biases and changes, and expresses an unsolved event. When a person in a range issues an action or is in a state, that person is in another action or state. Therefore, the conditional meaning of the construct for the variable A, B leads to only the predicate or predicate structure which represents the change of the action character can enter the construct. At the same time, according to the construction theory, the construction of "who A who B" is an abstract schema structure, expressing abstract conditional events, the question pronoun "who" which is allowed to change, A and B are allowed by other constructions. Secondly, since the construction is based on the use of the linguistic unit, we believe that the construction is formed in the pragmatic process, its pragmatic motivation is economic, pragmatic presupposition is the speaker through conditional assumptions to express their attitude; The pragmatic focus is on the conditional meaning of "who A", and the textual function lies in the cohesion of the context and the choice of the style. Thirdly, the formation of the construct is inseparable from cognitive analysis. The cognitive motivation of the "who A who B" construct is to highlight the conditions and the complete psychology of the human being, and generalize the three cognitive schemata implied by the construct: filling the missing. Dependent increment and elimination of redundancy; The author thinks that the formation of "who A who B" is inseparable from the development of diachronic development, the hypotheses of the interrogative pronoun "who" and the retrenchment process of complex sentences are the reasons for the formation of the construction. It is concluded that the formation process of the conditional structure of the reuse of the interrogative pronoun "who" can be summed up as a normal form of this kind of contraction.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2445205
[Abstract]:Austerity is a common language phenomenon in modern Chinese. For the sake of clarity of meaning and economy of language, more and more complex sentences appear austerity phenomenon, among which the contraction of conditional sentences is the most common. The "who A who B" compact structure is a common conditional contraction construct that is generally used by speakers to give presuppositions and scenarios. In order to encourage or warn the speaker, the speaker can enjoy certain rights or bear certain consequences under the condition of activating the situation or being in the condition of activation. On the basis of Constructional Grammar and Cognitive Grammar, this paper makes a comprehensive study of "who is A and B" of Contractive Construction. The "who A, who B" structure is a sufficient conditional construct of the relation between the biases and changes, and expresses an unsolved event. When a person in a range issues an action or is in a state, that person is in another action or state. Therefore, the conditional meaning of the construct for the variable A, B leads to only the predicate or predicate structure which represents the change of the action character can enter the construct. At the same time, according to the construction theory, the construction of "who A who B" is an abstract schema structure, expressing abstract conditional events, the question pronoun "who" which is allowed to change, A and B are allowed by other constructions. Secondly, since the construction is based on the use of the linguistic unit, we believe that the construction is formed in the pragmatic process, its pragmatic motivation is economic, pragmatic presupposition is the speaker through conditional assumptions to express their attitude; The pragmatic focus is on the conditional meaning of "who A", and the textual function lies in the cohesion of the context and the choice of the style. Thirdly, the formation of the construct is inseparable from cognitive analysis. The cognitive motivation of the "who A who B" construct is to highlight the conditions and the complete psychology of the human being, and generalize the three cognitive schemata implied by the construct: filling the missing. Dependent increment and elimination of redundancy; The author thinks that the formation of "who A who B" is inseparable from the development of diachronic development, the hypotheses of the interrogative pronoun "who" and the retrenchment process of complex sentences are the reasons for the formation of the construction. It is concluded that the formation process of the conditional structure of the reuse of the interrogative pronoun "who" can be summed up as a normal form of this kind of contraction.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
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